Economic Research
Economic ResearchTopic - Banking
Ninth District Insight Report - Quarter 4, 2012
April 2013 - Ninth District Insight
In South Dakota, we trust
Thorough but business-friendly regulation has helped the state develop a niche in the growing market for trust companies
Ronald A. Wirtz
February 2013 - fedgazette
Money, and more money: Public and private trusts
South Dakota sees a strong increase in public trust companies that provide noninvestment services
Ronald A. Wirtz
February 2013 - fedgazette
New credit union promotes financial access on Pine Ridge reservation
The first-ever federally insured financial institution on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in South Dakota is open for business.
Paula Woessner
January 2013 - Community Dividend
Rural CDFIs: Creating connections to marketplaces: A conversation with Mary Mathews of the Entrepreneur Fund
Community Dividend speaks with Mary Mathews, founding president and CEO of the Entrepreneur Fund, to learn about the circumstances and challenges rural community development financial institutions (CD
Michou Kokodoko
January 2013 - Community Dividend
Treasury's CDFI Fund announces nearly $18 million in Bank Enterprise Awards
January 2013 - Community Dividend
Ninth District Insight Report - Quarter 2, 2012
Published by the Community Development Department of the Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis
December 2012 - Ninth District Insight
Applications Filing Tips
November 2012 - Banking in the Ninth
Consumer Affairs Update
November 2012 - Banking in the Ninth
Ninth District Highlights: The Merits of Documentation: From the Viewpoint of the Supervisee
Ron J. Feldman
November 2012 - Banking in the Ninth
Safety and Soundness Update
November 2012 - Banking in the Ninth
Post-Crisis Use of Financial Market Data in Bank Supervision
2011 Annual Report Essay
Ron J. Feldman, Jason Schmidt
October 2012 - The Region
Business Correspondent model boosts financial inclusion in India
An innovative, technology-based banking model is giving people in remote areas of India access to formal financial institutions.
Anupam Kishore
October 2012 - Community Dividend
Call for papers: The eighth biennial Federal Reserve community development research conference
July 2012 - Community Dividend
Mini-banks provide hands-on education in personal finance
School-based, student-oriented banking operations teach kids the fundamentals of saving.
Jacob Wascalus
April 2012 - Community Dividend
Fed Community Development offices launch community survey initiatives
A new Reserve Bank-led initiative is designed to gather front-line information on economic conditions in low- to moderate-income communities.
Ela Rausch
January 2012 - Community Dividend
Minneapolis Fed launches Ninth District Community Insight report series
January 2012 - Community Dividend
Bank On gets its game on
Bank On, a customizable program for helping unbanked individuals join the financial mainstream, is catching on in communities across the country.
May Xiong
October 2011 - Community Dividend
Recent rule changes expand definition of community development under the CRA
New modifications to the CRA rules are designed to encourage financial institutions to help stabilize foreclosure-ravaged communities.
Paula Woessner
July 2011 - Community Dividend
Agriculture strong in fourth quarter 2010; land values and farm incomes grew
Fourth Quarter 2010 Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Joe Mahon
January 2011 - Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Interview with Gary Gorton
Yale University finance economist on the growth and collapse of shadow banking.
Douglas Clement
December 2010 - The Region
Damage Control? Analyzing Policies to Repair Credit Markets
V. V. Chari, Ali Shourideh, Ariel Zetlin-Jones
October 2010 - Economic Policy Papers
Beware of some payday loan alternatives, report says
October 2010 - Community Dividend
De novo banks: A failure of youth?
Daniel Rozycki
October 2010 - fedgazette
Farm income holds steady in third quarter 2010; outlook is positive
Third Quarter 2010 Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Alison Sexton
October 2010 - Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Fed creates online database of credit card agreements
October 2010 - Community Dividend
Interview with Eric Hardmeyer
David Fettig
September 2010 - fedgazette
This Time Is Different: Eight Centuries of Financial Folly
Book Review
Kevin L. Kliesen
September 2010 - The Region
An Antebellum Lesson
Bank insurance systems before the Civil War provide a clear message for policy today about the importance of incentives, authority and exposure to loss
Douglas Clement
September 2010 - The Region
Scale Economies Are a Distraction
The real issue for policy is credible resolution of failing financial firms, not bank size
Robert DeYoung
September 2010 - The Region
Scale Economies in Banking and Financial Regulatory Reform
Loretta J. Mester
September 2010 - The Region
Size and Regulatory Reform in Finance: Important but Difficult Questions
Ron J. Feldman
September 2010 - The Region
The Suffolk System
Douglas Clement
September 2010 - The Region
Agriculture still struggles during second quarter 2010
Sung Soo Lim
August 2010 - Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Come and get it—please
Banks and credit unions say they have money to lend, but credit markets are still struggling for a variety of reasons.
Ronald A. Wirtz
July 2010 - fedgazette
Board releases two new consumer education resources
July 2010 - Community Dividend
Awash in Cash
Why do China's banks hold low-yield U.S. Treasuries? A theory of economic transition
Douglas Clement
June 2010 - The Region
Federal Reserve Liquidity Programs: An Update
A review of the size, status and results of the Fed's programs to cope with crisis
Niel Willardson, LuAnne Pederson
June 2010 - The Region
Taxing Risk and the Optimal Regulation of Financial Institutions
An Economic Policy Paper on imposing a tax to eliminate risk externalities from unavoidable government bailouts
Narayana Kocherlakota
June 2010 - The Region
Too Big to Forget
A research conference at the Minneapolis Fed honors the legacy of former President Gary Stern
Joe Mahon
June 2010 - The Region
Farm income falls slightly in first quarter 2010
Alison Sexton
April 2010 - Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Fed launches online regulatory filing tool
April 2010 - Community Dividend
New Fed guide explains credit card rule changes
April 2010 - Community Dividend
Agricultural finances slipped slightly in the fourth quarter
Fourth Quarter 2009 Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Toby Madden
January 2010 - Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
CRE: The cracked glass slipper?
CRE exposure and delinquencies are on the rise for Ninth District banks, but the full fallout is difficult to gauge
Ronald A. Wirtz
January 2010 - fedgazette
Fed offers tips for HELOC lenders and borrowers
November 2009 - Community Dividend
Gender and financial literacy: A conversation with Annamaria Lusardi of Dartmouth College
Community Dividend speaks with Dr. Annamaria Lusardi of Dartmouth College to learn about the gender gap in financial literacy and discuss how financial educators can reach women more effectiv
Ericca Maas
November 2009 - Community Dividend
Agricultural income takes a hit in the third quarter
Third Quarter 2009 Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Toby Madden
October 2009 - Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
State Fact Sheet
Third Quarter 2009 Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
October 2009 - Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
State Fact Sheet - Outlook
Third Quarter 2009 Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
October 2009 - Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Agriculture continues decline in second quarter
Second Quarter 2009 Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Toby Madden, Jacob Devine
August 2009 - Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
State Fact Sheet
Second Quarter 2009 Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
August 2009 - Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
State Fact Sheet - Outlook
Second Quarter 2009 Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
August 2009 - Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
A spanking in banking
District banks struggled last year and face tough conditions going forward, but they continue to show good fundamentals to weather the storm
Ronald A. Wirtz, Brianna Wilcox
July 2009 - fedgazette
A spanking in banking: Slide presentation
Ronald A. Wirtz
July 2009 - fedgazette
Ag banks: A walk down (bad) memory lane?
Are conditions ripe for another farm crisis?
Daniel Rozycki
July 2009 - fedgazette
Credit Conditions: Some snap and crackle, but no pop
Ronald A. Wirtz
July 2009 - fedgazette
Going for broke
District personal bankruptcies are up, but changes in federal law
keep them low by historical standards.
Joe Mahon
July 2009 - fedgazette
Historic performance indicators
July 2009 - fedgazette
Methodology: Credit conditions polls of businesses and financial professionals
July 2009 - fedgazette
Another reason to love country living
Kansas City Fed's Wilkerson talks about prices in rural housing markets
May 2009 - fedgazette
Tingerthal joins Consumer Advisory Council
May 2009 - Community Dividend
What is the outlook for early season home sales in your community?
May 2009 - fedgazette
Agriculture declines during the first quarter of 2009
Toby Madden
April 2009 - Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Did the CRA cause the mortgage market meltdown?
Two Federal Reserve economists examine whether available data support critics' claims that the Community Reinvestment Act spawned the subprime mortgage crisis.
Neil Bhutta, Glenn B. Canner
March 2009 - Community Dividend
Strengthening the Earned Income Tax Credit: Alternatives to refund anticipation loans
A collaborative effort in the Ninth Federal Reserve District has created an alternative to traditional refund anticipation loans that gives workers fast access to tax refunds at little cost.
Sandy Gerber
March 2009 - Community Dividend
Agriculture slips in the fourth quarter of 2008
Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Toby Madden
January 2009 - Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Bringing the credit home
Expanded credit programs and lending from the Minneapolis Fed
Daniel Rozycki
January 2009 - fedgazette
Driving a hard bargain
Tighter credit in the district may be adding to the woes of auto dealers
Phil Davies
January 2009 - fedgazette
Has your company’s access to credit deteriorated over the past three months?
District Map
January 2009 - fedgazette
Home to roost
As the housing mortgage industry reevaluates creditworthiness, some players and markets are shrinking, while others see opportunity
Joe Mahon
January 2009 - fedgazette
Raising the credit bar, or getting clubbed by it?
Credit is tightening, but there is a fine line between tighter credit and a so-called credit crunch
Ronald A. Wirtz
January 2009 - fedgazette
Actions to Restore Financial Stability
A summary of recent Federal Reserve initiatives
Niel Willardson
December 2008 - The Region
Too Big to Fail: The Way Forward
Top of the Ninth
Gary H. Stern
December 2008 - The Region
A question of credit
The credit enhancement market is in flux, which leads to some navel gazing over municipal bond offerings
Ronald A. Wirtz
November 2008 - fedgazette
Auction-rate fireworks: Ooh, aah, ouch
Once a useful and sophisticated tool for cheap financing, issuers discover the dark side of more exotic bonds
Ronald A. Wirtz
November 2008 - fedgazette
Directo a Mexico helps customers join the financial system
The Directo a Mexico remittance service could have two major benefits: helping financial institutions in the U.S. compete more effectively in the money-transfer market, and increasing the number of Me
Michael Grover, Jimmy Nguyen
November 2008 - Community Dividend
Fed launches online guide to mortgage refinancing
November 2008 - Community Dividend
How are tighter credit markets affecting commercial building and real estate sales in your area?
District Voices
November 2008 - fedgazette
Looks like a bank, doesn’t act like one
Wisconsin State Roundup
November 2008 - fedgazette
Oglala Sioux and State of South Dakota sign historic lien-filing agreement
A newly signed UCC lien-filing agreement between the Oglala Sioux Tribe and the State of South Dakota is designed to facilitate business and consumer lending on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation.
Sue Woodrow, Dani Daugherty
November 2008 - Community Dividend
The bonds of debt
The recent financial crisis blew a hole in the municipal bond market. But it has been shifting for more than a year.
Ronald A. Wirtz
November 2008 - fedgazette
State Fact Sheet - Outlook
Third Quarter 2008 Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
October 2008 - Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
“Current agricultural conditions are positive”
Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Toby Madden
October 2008 - Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Limiting Spillovers Through Focused Supervision
Top of the Ninth
Gary H. Stern
September 2008 - The Region
The Rise and Fall of Nicholas Biddle
Brilliant and seemingly destined for greatness, America’s first central banker failed when put to the test in the Bank War
Phil Davies
September 2008 - The Region
The “Monster” of Chestnut Street
The life and death of the Second Bank of the United States is a cautionary tale about the exercise of monetary power
Phil Davies
September 2008 - The Region
Tracking "fringe banking"
The location of alternative financial services in the district shows that they serve a distinct market
Joe Mahon
September 2008 - fedgazette
Agricultural boom loses some steam
Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Toby Madden, Mai Yang
August 2008 - Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Licentious Behavior
Should mortgage brokers face tougher licensing regulations? In light of the mortgage meltdown, many think the answer is an obvious yes, but recent research urges caution.
Douglas Clement
June 2008 - The Region
The History of a Powerful Paragraph
Section 13(3) enacted Fed business loans 76 years ago
David Fettig
June 2008 - The Region
The rise of occupational licensing
More and more U.S. jobs are covered by licenses, and the wage effect is substantial.
Douglas Clement
June 2008 - The Region
Agricultural boom continues, but what lies ahead?
Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Toby Madden
May 2008 - Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Credit scoring and the credit-underserved population
There are new means of credit scoring in development that can help underserved consumers enter the mainstream American credit market.
Ericca Maas
May 2008 - Community Dividend
Managing the Expanded Safety Net
Gary H. Stern, Ron J. Feldman
May 2008 - Annual Reports
Managing the Expanded Safety Net
2007 Annual Report Essay
Gary H. Stern, Ron J. Feldman
May 2008 - The Region
Message from the First Vice President
2007 Annual Report: Operations
James M. Lyon
May 2008 - The Region
Message from the President
2007 Annual Report
Gary H. Stern
May 2008 - The Region
New data analysis helps identify future foreclosure trouble spots
An analysis conducted by the Minneapolis Fed and the Federal Reserve Board reveals which areas of the Twin Cities region are at greatest risk of becoming mortgage foreclosure hotspots.
Andreas Lehnert, Michael Grover
May 2008 - Community Dividend
Too Big To Fail: The Hazards of Bank Bailouts
2007 Annual Report: Excerpts from the 2004 book by Gary H. Stern and Ron J. Feldman.
Gary H. Stern, Ron J. Feldman
May 2008 - The Region
Agricultural conditions solid
Toby Madden
January 2008 - Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Community Affairs releases mortgage broker regulation report
January 2008 - Community Dividend
Fed creates one-stop help center for consumers
January 2008 - Community Dividend
Treasury announces New Markets Tax Credit allocations
January 2008 - Community Dividend
Addressing the Trade-offs: Market Discipline, Stability and Communication
Top of the Ninth
Gary H. Stern
December 2007 - The Region
FFIEC releases 2006 HMDA data
November 2007 - Community Dividend
Good times for agriculture
Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Toby Madden
October 2007 - Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Adjusting for offshore loans
September 2007 - The Region
Are Banks Really Dying This Time?
An update of Boyd and Gertler.
Ron J. Feldman, Mark Lueck
September 2007 - The Region
Credit risk data may help target foreclosure mitigation
Richard M. Todd, Laura Smith, Michael Grover
September 2007 - fedgazette
Interview with Frederic Mishkin
Federal Reserve governor and prominent macroeconomist, Frederic Mishkin, on bank supervision, moral hazard, financial globalization and other topics.
Gary H. Stern
September 2007 - The Region
The Bank that Hamilton Built
At the dawn of the Republic, the First Bank of the United States created a model for American financial markets and monetary policy that endures to this day.
Phil Davies
September 2007 - The Region
A little cooler than hot
South Dakota State Roundup
July 2007 - fedgazette
Agricultural finances strong
Toby Madden
July 2007 - Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Financing Community Development: Learning from the Past, Looking to the Future -- Conference papers now available
July 2007 - Community Dividend
Report examines credit use in low-income markets
July 2007 - Community Dividend
Financial Innovation and the Fed
Top of the Ninth
Gary H. Stern
June 2007 - The Region
2006 Financial Statements
2006 Annual Report
May 2007 - The Region
2006 by the Numbers
2006 Operations Report
May 2007 - The Region
Bank exposure to ethanol
Is ethanol expansion putting investing banks at risk?
Mark Lueck, Jay Hendrickson
May 2007 - fedgazette
CFED issues IDA survey results
May 2007 - Community Dividend
Credit union growth slowing
Wisconsin State Roundup
May 2007 - fedgazette
Has the increase in foreclosures in the subprime mortgage sector had any effect on your business, or had a noticeable effect on local housing conditions? How so?
District Voices
May 2007 - fedgazette
Message from the First Vice President
Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis 2006 Operations Report
James M. Lyon
May 2007 - The Region
Minneapolis launches Alternative Financing Program
May 2007 - Community Dividend
Farmers optimistic for 2007
Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Toby Madden
April 2007 - Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
2005 revisions define new CRA-eligible geographic areas
An analysis of recent changes to the Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) reveals that the CRA landscape in the Ninth Federal Reserve District has changed greatly, and investments routinely made in large
Michael Grover
March 2007 - Community Dividend
CRA exam basics and Ninth District breakdown
A description of the Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) examination process and assessment of how the Minneapolis Fed's member banks fare in terms of their CRA compliance.
Paula Woessner
March 2007 - Community Dividend
Fed unveils Web site for bank directors
March 2007 - Community Dividend
Nontraditional data could help many get mainstream loans, study finds
March 2007 - Community Dividend
Regulators revise adjustable-rate mortgage handbook
March 2007 - Community Dividend
Agriculture bounces back in fourth quarter 2006
Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Toby Madden
January 2007 - Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Rethinking Bank Regulation: Till Angels Govern
Book Review
Ron J. Feldman
December 2006 - The Region
Agriculture slips during third quarter
Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Toby Madden
October 2006 - Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
2006 Bank Enterprise Awards announced
September 2006 - Community Dividend
Borrowers of color receive pricier mortgages, study finds
September 2006 - Community Dividend
Changes Resulting from FIRREA and FDICIA
Niel Willardson, Jackie Brunmeier
September 2006 - The Region
Perspectives on Current Banking Issues
Top of the Ninth
Gary H. Stern
September 2006 - The Region
Supervisory Enforcement Actions Since FIRREA and FDICIA
“Arbitrary, Draconian and Inflexible,” or a Model of Regulatory Restraint?
Niel Willardson, Jackie Brunmeier
September 2006 - The Region
Types of Enforcement Actions
Niel Willardson, Jackie Brunmeier
September 2006 - The Region
End of the (credit) line?
Rising interest rates haven’t increased loan delinquencies—yet.
Joe Mahon
July 2006 - fedgazette
Tough second quarter for agricultural producers
Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Toby Madden
July 2006 - Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Managing Too Big To Fail by Reducing Systemic Risk: Some Recent Developments
Recent developments include three important initiatives.
Gary H. Stern, Ron J. Feldman
June 2006 - The Region
The Interchange Fee Debate: Issues and Economics
Merchants are seeking relief from rising credit card fees, but the economics are complex and near-term resolution seems unlikely.
James M. Lyon
June 2006 - The Region
Message from the First Vice President
2005 Annual Report - Operations Report
James M. Lyon
May 2006 - The Region
Farm profits down slightly in first quarter; may dip further in second
Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Toby Madden
April 2006 - Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
A model law
A newly drafted model law may help bring loans to Indian Country.
Douglas Clement
March 2006 - fedgazette
A super model: New secured transaction code offers legal uniformity, economic promise for Indian Country
A recently completed model law that covers a type of commerce called "secured transactions" could provide the legal structure and consistency American Indian tribes need to facilitate borrowing from o
Paula Woessner
March 2006 - Community Dividend
Can HMDA data herald neighborhood changes?
For years, researchers have used data collected under the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act (HMDA) to examine important fair lending issues. Could HMDA data also be used to collect neighborhood-level anal
Michael Grover
March 2006 - Community Dividend
Capital idea
Native CDFIs are providing much-needed credit in Indian Country.
Douglas Clement
March 2006 - fedgazette
Farm profits up in 2005, but dark clouds are on the horizon
Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Toby Madden, Ross Mattson
January 2006 - Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Economic Research and the Role of the Federal Reserve in Payments
Top of the Ninth
Gary H. Stern
December 2005 - The Region
Mr. Peyton's Bank
Through hard work and force of personality, John Peyton transformed the Minneapolis Fed into a source of strength and succor in turbulent times.
Phil Davies
December 2005 - The Region
Policy summit highlight: CRA changes create new bank category
Changes to the Community Reinvestment Act were a focus of a recent policy summit sponsored by Local Initiatives Support Corporation and the Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis.
Theresa Bauer
November 2005 - Community Dividend
Despite large harvest, ag lenders worry
Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Toby Madden
October 2005 - Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Addressing TBTF When Banks Merge: A Proposal
Bank mergers provide unique opportunities for TBTF policy reform.
Gary H. Stern, Ron J. Feldman
September 2005 - The Region
Payments System Issues and Challenges
Top of the Ninth
Gary H. Stern
September 2005 - The Region
Dealer, heal thyself
Consumer-unfriendly tactics plague sales.
Ronald A. Wirtz
July 2005 - fedgazette
Ginnie Mae I buy a manufactured home?
Secondary financial markets could boost the industry.
Ronald A. Wirtz
July 2005 - fedgazette
Many agricultural lenders report increased farm income in the second quarter
Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Toby Madden
July 2005 - Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Fed guide explains Check 21 changes
May 2005 - Community Dividend
Message from the First Vice President
2004 Annual Report--Operations Report
James M. Lyon
May 2005 - The Region
District agricultural producers benefited from strong prices
Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Toby Madden
April 2005 - Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
University Bank receives corporate citizenship award
March 2005 - Community Dividend
Ag conditions were solid despite cool weather
Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Toby Madden
January 2005 - fedgazette
Ag year ends on high note
Good crop yields and strong prices for animal products reported
Toby Madden
January 2005 - Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Community banks full of change
Small-town banks thrive in new banking environment, but face myriad competitors.
Ronald A. Wirtz
January 2005 - fedgazette
Lotsa de novos? Follow the money
Jason Schmidt
January 2005 - fedgazette
Interview with Jean-Claude Trichet
The European Central Bank president and Minneapolis Fed President Gary Stern discuss ECB accomplishments and challenges, as well as issues of concern to both central banks.
Gary H. Stern
December 2004 - The Region
The Private and Public Risks of Banking
Top of the Ninth
Gary H. Stern
December 2004 - The Region
A bank by any other name
Jason Schmidt
November 2004 - fedgazette
Banking trends in a county near you
Geographic differences are not all that great between urban, fringe and rural counties.
Jason Schmidt
November 2004 - fedgazette
Consolidated brothers
Ronald A. Wirtz
November 2004 - fedgazette
District Banking Maps
District Maps: Number of Bank Offices and Number of Bank offices per 10,000 People
November 2004 - fedgazette
FedACH lowers rates, expands services in Mexico
November 2004 - Community Dividend
In banking, less can equal more
Though consolidation continues, banking services have nonetheless expanded considerably throughout the Ninth District.
Jason Schmidt, Ronald A. Wirtz
November 2004 - fedgazette
Loosening the strings of regulation
Federal and state deregulation has opened new markets for district banks
Ronald A. Wirtz
November 2004 - fedgazette
Too much of a good thing?
Is the Ninth District overbanked?
Ronald A. Wirtz
November 2004 - fedgazette
Uniquely declining
Ronald A. Wirtz
November 2004 - fedgazette
VITA sites provide outreach, tax help to low-income workers
Millions of Americans could receive valuable refunds during the next tax season, provided they file for a federal tax credit designed to assist low-income people. A related program providing free tax
Brad Bly
November 2004 - Community Dividend
Ag conditions were solid despite cool weather
Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Toby Madden
October 2004 - Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
A fast, variable-speed mortgage roller coaster
A strong district mortgage market, but marked differences among metro areas.
Colbey Sullivan
September 2004 - fedgazette
Bank Web sites double in four years
Toby Madden
September 2004 - fedgazette
Historical Perspectives on Form and Function
The evolution of the Fed through the years.
James McAfee
September 2004 - The Region
Secured Transaction Codes: An Important Tool for Tribal Economic and Housing Development
A discussion of how commercial codes are important tools for enabling and supporting tribal economic and housing development by improving access to commercial and consumer credit.
Sue Woodrow
September 2004 - Community Development Papers
Solid performance marked by district publicly traded companies
Andrew Savaloja, Rob Grunewald
September 2004 - fedgazette
A unique partnership provides housing help in Montana
Glacier Affordable Housing Foundation is helping make homeownership a reality for creditworthy low- and moderate-income families in northwest Montana.
Sue Woodrow
August 2004 - Community Dividend
For seniors, reverse borrowing can be a financial step forward
Reverse mortgages are designed to supply an income stream while allowing seniors to stay in their homes.
Paula Woessner
August 2004 - Community Dividend
GAO releases statement on predatory lending
August 2004 - Community Dividend
Ag conditions remain strong despite cool weather
Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Toby Madden
July 2004 - Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Banking on the fringe
Payday and title loans continue their popularity despite efforts to regulate the industry.
Joe Mahon
July 2004 - fedgazette
Banking Regulation: The Focus Returns to the Consumer
A renewed emphasis on consumer protection while maintaining safety and soundness.
Jason Schmidt, Niel Willardson
June 2004 - The Region
Payments Evolution or Revolution?
Minneapolis Fed First Vice President James Lyon reviews trends in the payments system.
James M. Lyon
June 2004 - The Region
Banking as destiny?
FDIC's John Anderlik looks at rural communities and their banks
David Fettig
May 2004 - fedgazette
Message from the First Vice President
2003 Annual Report: Operations
James M. Lyon
May 2004 - The Region
High prices prompt strong ag conditions
Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Toby Madden
April 2004 - Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Lenders optimistic following a strong fourth quarter
Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Toby Madden
March 2004 - Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
A History of the Federal Reserve, Volume 1: 1913-1951
Marvin Goodfriend
December 2003 - The Region
China's Rich but Troubled Banking Sector
Douglas Clement
December 2003 - The Region
Interview with Ping Xie
Director-General of the Research Bureau People's Bank of China
Arthur J. Rolnick
December 2003 - The Region
Too Big To Fail: The Hazards of Bank Bailouts
Excerpt from Too Big To Fail: The Hazards of Bank Bailouts
Gary H. Stern, Ron J. Feldman
December 2003 - The Region
Recent ECOA amendments allow lenders an exception for self-testing
A summary of recent changes to Regulation B-the Equal Credit Opportunity Act.
Lynn Severson-Meyer
November 2003 - Community Dividend
Drought led to mediocre third quarter, but end-of-year outlook buoyant
Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Amy Stittsworth, Toby Madden
October 2003 - Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Cash me out
Record numbers seek debt relief through bankruptcy
Frank Jossi
September 2003 - fedgazette
Community bank Web sites offer personal touch
Fifth annual review of Ninth District bank Web sites
Toby Madden
September 2003 - fedgazette
Real bills and the Federal Reserve
Douglas Clement
September 2003 - The Region
Remembering Frederick Deming
Frederick Deming, former president of the Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis died August 2003.
September 2003 - The Region
A conversation with ... Kou Vang of JB Realty
Community Dividend speaks with Kou Vang, a Hmong business leader, about credit availability and the economic evolution of the Twin Cities Hmong community.
August 2003 - Community Dividend
Credit availability: A snapshot of the Hmong business community in Minneapolis and St. Paul
A Federal Reserve study examines credit markets from the borrowers' perspective
Arthur J. Rolnick, David Fettig
August 2003 - Community Dividend
Fed luncheon focuses on credit access in the Twin Cities Hmong community
Lenders, community development professionals and small business owners gathered in St. Paul to discuss lessons learned from the Federal Reserve's study of credit access in the Twin Cities Hmong commun
Paula Woessner
August 2003 - Community Dividend
HMDA changes are on the way; new rules take effect in 2004
2004 revisions to the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act will increase the amount and types of public information about residential real estate lending.
Karin Modjeski Bearss
August 2003 - Community Dividend
Meeks appointed to Fed council
August 2003 - Community Dividend
First-quarter ag survey shows west and east are hurting
Toby Madden
July 2003 - Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
First-quarter ag survey shows west and east are hurting
First Quarter 2003 Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Toby Madden
July 2003 - fedgazette
Lenders expect agriculture finances to increase this year
Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Toby Madden
July 2003 - Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
About the Federal Deposit Insurance Corp.
June 2003 - The Region
Achieving the Objectives of Regulatory Restructuring
Top of the Ninth
Gary H. Stern
June 2003 - The Region
Interview with Donald E. Powell
The chairman of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. shares his thoughts on regulatory reform, the value of market data and other issues with Minneapolis Fed President Gary Stern.
Gary H. Stern
June 2003 - The Region
Agriculture up in Minnesota and eastern Dakotas, but down in Montana and western Dakotas
Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Toby Madden
May 2003 - Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Between Two Worlds. How Do Credit Markets Work?
Arthur J. Rolnick, David Fettig
May 2003 - Annual Reports
Between Two Worlds: How Do Credit Markets Work?
2002 Annual Report Essay: An investigation into credit availability in the Minneapolis-St. Paul Hmong community.
Arthur J. Rolnick, David Fettig
May 2003 - The Region
CRA: A brief introduction
2002 Annual Report
May 2003 - The Region
Message from the First Vice President
2002 Annual Report: Operations Report
James M. Lyon
May 2003 - The Region
Message from the President
2002 Annual Report
Gary H. Stern
May 2003 - The Region
Agricultural conditions mixed in third quarter
Third Quarter 2002 Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Toby Madden
January 2003 - fedgazette
Agricultural conditions mixed in third quarter
Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Toby Madden
January 2003 - Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Exchange Roller Coasters: Where's the steering wheel, and does it work?
The strong dollar-weak dollar debate and the vagaries of currency exchange rate regimes.
Ronald A. Wirtz
December 2002 - The Region
Financial Literacy Education: A Potential Tool for Reducing Predatory Lending?
A review of studies on the effectiveness of financial literacy training and whether such training results in responsible financial decision making by consumers.
Richard M. Todd
December 2002 - The Region
How the Fed Made Section 13(b) Loans
David Fettig
December 2002 - The Region
Interview with Anne O. Krueger
Anne Krueger, the first deputy managing director of the International Monetary Fund, discusses currency boards, the resilient world economy and other issues.
Arthur J. Rolnick
December 2002 - The Region
Lender of More Than Last Resort
Recalling Section 13(b) and the years when the Federal Reserve banks opened their discount windows to district businesses in times of economic stress.
David Fettig
December 2002 - The Region
Mother Nature hits farmers and ranchers in second quarter
Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Benjamin Knelman, Toby Madden
November 2002 - fedgazette
Federal Reserve Governor Bies tours St. Paul neighborhoods
Federal Reserve Governor Susan Schmidt Bies began her first official visit to the Ninth District with a community development tour of two inner-city neighborhoods in St. Paul.
Paula Woessner
November 2002 - Community Dividend
First Accounts awards grants
November 2002 - Community Dividend
Bank Web sites address privacy concerns—customers and their own
Toby Madden
September 2002 - fedgazette
Mother Nature hits farmers and ranchers in second quarter
Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Benjamin Knelman, Toby Madden
September 2002 - Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Mother Nature hits farmers and ranchers in second quarter
Benjamin Knelman, Toby Madden
September 2002 - fedgazette
Alternative financing: Issues and opportunities for lenders and interest-averse populations
There is great demand among Muslims and certain other faith-based populations for alternative financial products that will provide access to credit in a manner consistent with their religious beliefs.
Nikki Foster, Nicole Bennett, Margaret Tyndall
August 2002 - Community Dividend
Agricultural finances weaken
First-quarter 2002 agricultural credit conditions survey
Toby Madden
July 2002 - fedgazette
Interview with Gary Becker
Nobel prize-winning economist discusses his views on moral hazard in banking, his work on the economics of crime and more.
Douglas Clement
June 2002 - The Region
Agricultural Financial Performance Weakens
Results of the March 2002 agricultural credit survey.
Toby Madden
May 2002 - fedgazette
Agricultural Financial Performance Weakens
Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Toby Madden
May 2002 - Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Mortgage Rates, Homeownership Rates, and Government-Sponsored Enterprises
Ron J. Feldman
May 2002 - Annual Reports
Mortgage Rates, Homeownership Rates, and Government-Sponsored Enterprises
2001 Annual Report Essay: A review of studies on the effects mortgage rates have on homeownership and, in particular, the role of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, government-sponsored entities.
Ron J. Feldman
April 2002 - The Region
President's Message
2001 Annual Report: Gary Stern, president of the Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, comments on the government's role in increasing homeownership rates, the topic of the 2001 annual report's essay.
Gary H. Stern
April 2002 - The Region
Farmers' and ranchers' financial conditions deteriorate slightly
Agricultural Credit Conditons Survey, Fourth Quarter 2001
Toby Madden
January 2002 - fedgazette
Farmers' and ranchers' financial conditions deteriorate slightly
Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Toby Madden
January 2002 - Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Have current low financing rates affected your business decisions?
District Voices
January 2002 - fedgazette
Interview with Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa
A charter member of the Executive Board of the European Central Bank discusses the evolution of that institution, the upcoming rollout of the euro in 12 European countries and how the ECB and the Fed
Arthur J. Rolnick
December 2001 - The Region
The European Central Bank
December 2001 - The Region
The Federal Reserve and Electronic Payments: What do considerations of principle, experience and reputation tell us?
Top of the Ninth
Gary H. Stern
December 2001 - The Region
Beige Book reflects weakened economic conditions in district
November 2001 - fedgazette
Financial condition of farmers and ranchers varies across the district
Results of the Minneapolis Fed's August 2001 agricultural credit survey.
Toby Madden
November 2001 - fedgazette
Financial condition of farmers and ranchers varies across the district
Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Toby Madden
November 2001 - Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Dividing the Country into Federal Reserve Districts
David Hammes
September 2001 - The Region
Harnessing Market Discipline
Alan Greenspan
September 2001 - The Region
Interpreting Market Data Signals
Jason Schmidt
September 2001 - The Region
Locating Federal Reserve Districts and Headquarters Cities
What determined district boundaries and Fed headquarters cities in 1914? A review of the writings of Henry Parker Willis gives us an idea.
David Hammes
September 2001 - The Region
Market Data Sources in More Detail
Ron J. Feldman, Jason Schmidt
September 2001 - The Region
Market Data and Bank Supervision: The Transition to Practical Use
Incorporating market data into the examination process.
Ron J. Feldman, Mark Levonian
September 2001 - The Region
Ninth District bank Web sites increase services
Toby Madden
September 2001 - fedgazette
Ninth District banking conditions from the examiners' viewpoint
Ron J. Feldman, Jason Schmidt, Niel Willardson
September 2001 - fedgazette
Taking Market Data Seriously
Gary H. Stern
September 2001 - The Region
Using Market Data for a Variety of Institutions
Jason Schmidt
September 2001 - The Region
Using Market Data in the Supervisory Process
Introduction to the Symposium
Ron J. Feldman, Jason Schmidt
September 2001 - The Region
Willis' Choice of Headquarters Cities and Selection Criteria
Criteria for Federal Reserve Head Offices
David Hammes
September 2001 - The Region
Community development under the CRA: Review of the 1995 regulations begins
With review of the current Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) regulations imminent, Community Dividend presents an overview of the definition of community development under the CRA.
Margaret Tyndall
August 2001 - Community Dividend
Fed Governor Gramlich discusses the problem of predatory lending
Federal Reserve Governor Edward M. Gramlich discusses the common elements of predatory loans and draws distinctions between predatory lending and subprime lending.
Edward M. Gramlich
August 2001 - Community Dividend
Capital Spending by Ninth District State
Capital Spending Charts
July 2001 - fedgazette
Little change in overall finances of district farmers and ranchers
Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Toby Madden
July 2001 - Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Little change in overall finances of district farmers and ranchers
Second Quarter (May 2001) agricultural credit conditions survey
Toby Madden
July 2001 - fedgazette
Bank Funding: Challenges ahead but no crisis
Top of the Ninth
Gary H. Stern
June 2001 - The Region
Calming the Panics of the Great Depression: The creation of effective Federal Reserve and banking policy
2000-2001 Student Essay Contest Winner
Kelly Brooks
June 2001 - The Region
Catching up with Lawrence Lindsey
Once a Fed governor considering monetary policy, now head of the president’s National Economic Council pondering fiscal policy.
David Fettig
June 2001 - The Region
Sterilized fx: They may attract attention and make people feel good, but ultimately they're all show and no dough
A look at the way governments intervene on behalf of their currency to bolster or weaken value against other world currencies, in particular the European Central Bank's September 2000 initiative.
David Fettig
June 2001 - The Region
The Code Book
Book Review
Richard M. Todd
June 2001 - The Region
District farm outlook uncertain, but North Dakota upbeat
First quarter 2001 agricultural conditions survey
Toby Madden
May 2001 - fedgazette
District farm outlook uncertain, but North Dakota upbeat
Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Toby Madden
May 2001 - Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Thoughts on the Fed's Role in the Payments System
Edward J. Green, Richard M. Todd
May 2001 - Annual Reports
Functions Complementary to the Core
2000 Annual Report
Edward J. Green, Richard M. Todd
April 2001 - The Region
Interbank Settlement and the Emergence of Central Banks
2000 Annual Report
Edward J. Green, Richard M. Todd
April 2001 - The Region
Message from the President
2000 Annual Report: Comments by Gary Stern, president of the Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, "...[the essay] provides a useful framework to think about the Federal Reserve's role in the evolving
Gary H. Stern
April 2001 - The Region
Thoughts on the Fed's Role in the Payments System
2000 Annual Report: This year's annual report essay explores the structuring of a new, all-embracing payments system aligned with the Reserve Banks' mission, and one which will best serve the public i
Edward J. Green, Richard M. Todd
April 2001 - The Region
Increased use of uninsured deposits
Implications for market discipline
Ron J. Feldman, Jason Schmidt
March 2001 - fedgazette
District farmers and ranchers in better financial condition
Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Toby Madden
January 2001 - Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
District farmers and ranchers in better financial condition
Fourth Quarter 2000 Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Toby Madden
January 2001 - fedgazette
Farm Income and Spending Charts
Fourth Quarter 2000 Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
January 2001 - fedgazette
Letters to the editor
Reader comments on fedgazette articles
January 2001 - fedgazette
When Genius Failed: The Rise and Fall of Long-Term Capital Management
Book Review
Ron J. Feldman
December 2000 - The Region
How do lenders set interest rates on loans?
A discussion of the concepts lenders use to determine interest rates.
Matthew D. Diette
November 2000 - Community Dividend
A Chronology of Banking in Lyon County
Appendix 1: Banks in 1916
David S. Dahl
October 2000 - fedgazette
A helping hand, or new age loan sharking?
Amid growing market demand for nonbank financial services, critics decry abuse by and high costs of industry
Ronald A. Wirtz
October 2000 - fedgazette
Ag finances improve, but farmers still struggling
Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Toby Madden
October 2000 - Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Ag finances improve, but farmers still struggling
Third Quarter 2000 Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Toby Madden
October 2000 - fedgazette
Banking history reflects the life of a community
Former Minneapolis Fed economist David Dahl reported on 100 years of banking in Lyon County, Minn., at a fall 1999 conference, "Business and Banking in the Countryside," sponsored by the Rural and Reg
David S. Dahl
October 2000 - fedgazette
Buyer beware
Despite high costs and warnings from consumer groups, the market for payday loans and other convenience-based financial services continues to grow. What gives?
Ronald A. Wirtz
October 2000 - fedgazette
Financial modernization, the FHLB and agricultural banks
Ron J. Feldman, Jason Schmidt
October 2000 - fedgazette
Growing Deposits and Loans on the Prairie Eighty-five Years of Banking in Lyon County
David S. Dahl
October 2000 - fedgazette
Minnesota Fringe Banking
October 2000 - fedgazette
Montana Fringe Banking
October 2000 - fedgazette
Ninth District Bank Web Sites
Table: Percent of reviewed sites that contained the feature as of May 1, 2000
Toby Madden
October 2000 - fedgazette
Ninth District bank Web sites become more sophisticated
Toby Madden
October 2000 - fedgazette
North Dakota Fringe Banking
October 2000 - fedgazette
South Dakota Fringe Banking
October 2000 - fedgazette
Will that be cash, check or debtor's hell?
Ronald A. Wirtz
October 2000 - fedgazette
Wisconsin Fringe Banking
October 2000 - fedgazette
About the Securities and Exchange Commission
September 2000 - The Region
Breaching the "Buckskin Curtain"
Thanks to growing wealth on some reservations, banks—including a handful owned by tribes—see untapped markets but face obstacles to banking in Indian Country.
Ronald A. Wirtz
September 2000 - The Region
Interview with Arthur Levitt
The chairman of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission talks with Fed President Gary Stern about the SEC's regulatory functions and the importance of investor education, among other issues.
Gary H. Stern
September 2000 - The Region
Thoughts on Designing Credible Policies After Financial Modernization: Addressing too big to fail and moral hazard
Top of the Ninth
Gary H. Stern
September 2000 - The Region
Ag bankers see improving conditions
In the midst of a mostly dour farm economy, ag bankers in the Ninth District are reporting improved financial conditions
Toby Madden
July 2000 - fedgazette
Ag bankers see improving conditions-In the midst of a mostly dour farm economy, ag bankers in the Ninth District are reporting improved financial conditions
Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Toby Madden
July 2000 - Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Interest rate risk: What is it, why banks would want it, and how to evaluate it
Ron J. Feldman, Jason Schmidt
July 2000 - fedgazette
1999 Annual Report: Financial Statements
June 2000 - The Region
Central Bank of Brazil
Focus on Central Banks
June 2000 - The Region
FDIC Reform: Use the Market to Monitor Big Banks
Guest Editorial: Chris Farrell, BusinessWeek writer and TV and radio host, discusses the need for federal deposit insurance reform.
Chris Farrell
June 2000 - The Region
Interview with Roger W. Ferguson Jr.
The Federal Reserve Board Vice Chairman shares his thoughts on the economic forecasting tools available to Fed policymakers and public policy issues facing the nation's retail payments system.
David Levy
June 2000 - The Region
The Greenspan Effect: Words That Move the World's Markets
Book Review
Kevin L. Kliesen
June 2000 - The Region
The Legacy of the Separation of Banking and Commerce Continues in Gramm-Leach-Bliley
Randall S. Kroszner, University of Chicago, argues that the Act missed an opportunity to strengthen banks' roles in the corporate governance system and the financing of enterprises.
Randall S. Kroszner
June 2000 - The Region
Banks face new rules and intense competition
Fifth Annual Ninth District Banking Poll
Toby Madden
April 2000 - fedgazette
Farmer and rancher financial conditions improve
First Quarter 2000 Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Toby Madden
April 2000 - fedgazette
Farmer and rancher financial conditions improve
Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Toby Madden
April 2000 - Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Is financial modernization anything new?
Limited available data suggests that rather than revolutionizing the financial system, GLB actually builds on the integration that already exists between banks and other financial service providers
Ron J. Feldman, Jason Schmidt
April 2000 - fedgazette
Are Banks Special?
A Revisitation
E. Gerald Corrigan
March 2000 - The Region
Century of Change
A timeline of banking legislation and regulation
March 2000 - The Region
Fed survey results show bankers energized, relieved and distraught over GLB
March 2000 - The Region
Financial Evolution, Not Revolution
Ronald A. Wirtz
March 2000 - The Region
Financial Reform's Unfinished Agenda
A Look at Deposit Insurance Funds
William M. Isaac
March 2000 - The Region
Have We Only Just Begun?
Challenges in implementing the Gramm-Leach-Bliley regime
Ron J. Feldman, Niel Willardson, James M. Lyon
March 2000 - The Region
Interview with Representative Jim Leach
Chairman, U.S. House Committee on Banking and Financial Services
Gary H. Stern
March 2000 - The Region
Privacy and The Promise of Financial Modernization
Richard M. Kovacevich
March 2000 - The Region
The Financial Modernization Legislation: An Assessment
Carter H. Golembe
March 2000 - The Region
The Financial Services Modernization Act of 1999
A brief summary of Gramm-Leach-Bliley
March 2000 - The Region
The Impact on Community Bankers
Robert N. Barsness
March 2000 - The Region
The Road Not Taken
The interests of lower-income families ignored in financial modernization
Malcolm Bush
March 2000 - The Region
Using market data to manage risk
The potential of financial modernization
Gary H. Stern
March 2000 - The Region
“These Gambling Activities”
Carter Glass and the battle to rein in the banking industry
March 2000 - The Region
Bankers report farmers have some breathing room
Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Toby Madden
January 2000 - Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Bankers report farmers have some breathing room
Fourth Quarter 1999 Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Toby Madden
January 2000 - fedgazette
Big fish in little (city) pond turns to little fish in big (bank) pond
Michigan State Roundup
January 2000 - fedgazette
Internet banking? No, a new banking channel
Minnesota State Roundup
January 2000 - fedgazette
Noninterest income in the Ninth District
The roles of community and credit card banks
Ron J. Feldman, Jason Schmidt
January 2000 - fedgazette
Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency
Central Banks
December 1999 - The Region
The Zen of Greenspan
As the Fed's media profile grows, the world mainly relies on a small cadre of reporters to describe the actions of Alan Greenspan and the Fed
Ronald A. Wirtz
December 1999 - The Region
Risk-focused fair lending examinations
A discussion of fair lending laws and the new fair lending examination procedures used by this Reserve Bank and other federal banking regulators.
John Alderman
November 1999 - Community Dividend
Farm problems put squeeze on agricultural banks
Toby Madden
October 1999 - fedgazette
Farmers continue to struggle
Third Quarter 1999 Agricultural Credit Conditons Survey
Toby Madden
October 1999 - fedgazette
Farmers continue to struggle
Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Toby Madden
October 1999 - Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Noninterest income: A potential for profits, risk reduction and some exaggerated claims
Banks are earning more money from nontraditional sources; the implications for the financial services industry
Ron J. Feldman, Jason Schmidt
October 1999 - fedgazette
A Response to Critics of Market Discipline
Top of the Ninth
Gary H. Stern
September 1999 - The Region
Focus on Central Banks: Bank of Japan
September 1999 - The Region
Interview with Edward W. Kelley
The longest-serving member of the Federal Reserve Board, Edward W. Kelley, comments on Fed policy, organization and the future of the System.
David Levy
September 1999 - The Region
Community bank Web sites: The current picture
The 1999 fedgazette Banking Survey was sent to 688 Ninth District community banks. Community banks were defined as banks with assets greater than $150 million.
Toby Madden
July 1999 - fedgazette
Farmers are still hurting
Second Quarter 1999 Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Toby Madden
July 1999 - fedgazette
Nimble small-town banks swatting Y2K bugs
Ronald A. Wirtz
July 1999 - fedgazette
Small-town community banks not bugged by Y2K
Do community banks in small towns face special considerations as the year 2000 approaches?
Ronald A. Wirtz
July 1999 - fedgazette
Urban/rural community banks face similar challenges
The fedgazette's fourth annual community banking poll, March 1999.
David S. Dahl
July 1999 - fedgazette
Why all concerns about subprime lending are not created equal
Subprime lending is a boon for some borrowers and banks, but others have raised concern about this growing phenomenon
Ron J. Feldman, Jason Schmidt
July 1999 - fedgazette
Y2K and your money
Gary H. Stern
July 1999 - fedgazette
Interview with Donald Brash
An interview with the head of New Zealand's central bank.
David Levy
June 1999 - The Region
Managing Moral Hazard With Market Signals: How Regulation Should Change With Banking
Gary Stern, president of the Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, addresses the too-big-to-fail problem and moral hazard in banking.
Gary H. Stern
June 1999 - The Region
The Role and Value of Market Forces
Top of the Ninth
Gary H. Stern
June 1999 - The Region
The Tale of Another Chairman
Economist Richard Timberlake recalls the legacy of W.M. Martin and Marriner Eccles, former Fed chairmen.
Richard H. Timberlake
June 1999 - The Region
Reduced income plagues farmers
First Quarter 1999 Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Toby Madden
April 1999 - fedgazette
Tracking small business lending in the Ninth District: What the new CRA data allows
New data provides insights into small business lending in the Ninth District
Ron J. Feldman, Jason Schmidt
April 1999 - fedgazette
Y2K and public confidence in the banking system
Fed Governor Edward W. Kelly discusses Y2K and the public's confidence in the banking system
Edward W. Kelly, Jr.
April 1999 - fedgazette
On the Beige Book, Y2K, and Economic Education
Top of the Ninth
Gary H. Stern
March 1999 - The Region
Shared Responsibility
A smooth transition to the year 2000 is not only the responsibility of banks and federal regulators, but of consumers, too.
Cathy E. Minehan
March 1999 - The Region
Who's receiving mortgage loans in the Twin Cities?
Data collected under the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act reveal who is accessing mortgage loans in the Twin Cities metropolitan area.
Stephanie Omersa, Mike Wold
March 1999 - Community Dividend
Agricultural bankers note improvement, but still concerned
Fourth Quarter 1998 Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Edward Lotterman
January 1999 - fedgazette
What are CAMELS and who should know?
Ron J. Feldman, Jason Schmidt
January 1999 - fedgazette
Despite weakening conditions in the agricultural sector, bank data generally indicate good performance
Ron J. Feldman, Heidi Taylor Aggeler
November 1998 - fedgazette
Low commodity prices taking toll across the Ninth District.
Third Quarter 1998 Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Edward Lotterman
November 1998 - fedgazette
A brief history of reserves and premiums
Ron J. Feldman
September 1998 - The Region
An illustrative example of a federal deposit insurance system without reserves
Ron J. Feldman
September 1998 - The Region
Interview with Laurence Meyer
Interview with Federal Reserve Governor Laurence Meyer
David Fettig
September 1998 - The Region
Remembering William McChesney Martin Jr.
Andrew F. Brimmer
September 1998 - The Region
When should the FDIC act like a private insurance company?
When it comes to pricing, not reserves
Ron J. Feldman
September 1998 - The Region
Banking as we know it
Minneapolis Fed President Gary Stern shares his thoughts on the future of community banking
Gary H. Stern
July 1998 - fedgazette
Declining deposits ... Is it all bad news?
What happens when people quit depositing money into banks? Where do banks get the funding necessary to make loans?
David Fettig, Ron J. Feldman
July 1998 - fedgazette
Follow up on HUD 184 program article
An update on the HUD 184 residential mortgage loan program for Indian Country.
July 1998 - Community Dividend
Is the loan-to-deposit ratio still relevant?
A preliminary test says yes for many Ninth District banks
Ron J. Feldman, Heidi Taylor Aggeler
July 1998 - fedgazette
Location influences community banks' challenges.
Minneapolis Fed's Community Banking Survey
David S. Dahl
July 1998 - fedgazette
Low farm prices reflected in second quarter Ag banker survey
Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Edward Lotterman
July 1998 - Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Low farm prices reflected in second quarter Ag banker survey
Second Quarter 1998 Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Edward Lotterman
July 1998 - fedgazette
Model code addresses economic development in Indian Country
A model commercial code for Indian tribes is designed to encourage the business and lending communities to invest in Indian Country and foster economic development.
Maylinn E. Smith
July 1998 - Community Dividend
U.S. banks offered historic opportunity in Indian Country
To serve the emerging Indian-owned private enterprise market, bankers should understand the structure of the economies of tribal communities and the size of the potential market.
Patrick Borunda
July 1998 - Community Dividend
Follow the Money
Death threats, suicides and million dollar frauds are just part of the job for this Fed bank examiner
David Fettig
June 1998 - The Region
Glass Redux
Letters to the Editor Re: Region Interview with Carter Glass
June 1998 - The Region
Interview with Carter H. Golembe
Melvin L. Burstein
June 1998 - The Region
Market Discipline as Bank Regulator
Top of the Ninth
Gary H. Stern
June 1998 - The Region
The Bank of England
Focus on Central Banks
June 1998 - The Region
The Changing Banking Environment and Emerging Questions for Public Policy
Roger W. Ferguson Jr.
June 1998 - The Region
Declining prices make ag bankers uneasy
First Quarter 1998 Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Edward Lotterman
April 1998 - fedgazette
Declining prices make ag bankers uneasy
Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Edward Lotterman
April 1998 - Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Deposit insurance, too big to fail and small banks
Minneapolis Fed President Gary Stern reacts to the concerns that small banks have about the Minneapolis Fed's deposit insurance proposal
Gary H. Stern
April 1998 - fedgazette
HUD 184 loan program helps Native Americans achieve homeownership
The HUD 184 loan program is designed to mitigate many factors that inhibit mortgage lending on American Indian reservations.
Deanna Lucero
April 1998 - Community Dividend
Roles and responsibilities for processing the HUD 184 Indian Home Loan Guarantee Program
Details about who does what in the HUD 184 loan program.
April 1998 - Community Dividend
The role of banking debt in community development
An excerpt from a speech Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis President Gary H. Stern delivered at the 1997 Nation Building Conference in Missoula, Mont.
Gary H. Stern
April 1998 - Community Dividend
What are the sources of increased bank profitability in recent years?
Ron J. Feldman, Heidi Taylor Aggeler
April 1998 - fedgazette
A primer on bank consolidation in the Ninth District
An analysis of the trend toward bank consolidation and its impact on district banks and communities
Ron J. Feldman, Heidi Taylor Aggeler
January 1998 - fedgazette
Data out of context: reporting banking data in the Ninth District
Ron J. Feldman, Heidi Taylor Aggeler
January 1998 - fedgazette
Deposit insurance proposal elicits response
Independent bankers look at the Minneapolis Fed's deposit insurance reform proposal
January 1998 - fedgazette
Effects of Asian financial crisis uncertain for district
Edward Lotterman
January 1998 - fedgazette
Year end upbeat for agricultural industry, but pockets of weakness persist
Fourth Quarter 1997 Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Edward Lotterman
January 1998 - fedgazette
A Conversation with Carter Glass
The senator's views on banking and the Federal Reserve are updated by a modern interpretation.
James McAfee
December 1997 - The Region
Carter Glass
A brief biography of the man who shaped the Federal Reserve Act.
David Page
December 1997 - The Region
Rational Expectations and Inflation
Book Review
Edward J. Green
December 1997 - The Region
Which of the Twin Cities?
Competition was intense between Minneapolis and St. Paul for the Ninth District Federal Reserve Bank
David Page
December 1997 - The Region
Ag bankers optimistic overall, but problems may lurk in some areas
Third Quarter 1997 Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Edward Lotterman
October 1997 - fedgazette
Credit card banking in the Ninth District
Ron J. Feldman, Heidi Taylor Aggeler
October 1997 - fedgazette
Linking the past and future
Ms. Kinsey's comments at the dedication of the new Ninth District Federal Reserve Bank building, October 15, 1997.
Jean Kinsey
October 1997 - fedgazette
A Modest Proposal for Meaningful Deposit Insurance Reform
Top of the Ninth Column
Gary H. Stern
September 1997 - The Region
An Update on the Securitization of Small Business Loans
Ron J. Feldman
September 1997 - The Region
Maintaining Financial Stability in a Global Economy
Alan Greenspan
September 1997 - The Region
Small Business Loans, Small Banks and a Big Change in Technology Called Credit Scoring
Ron J. Feldman
September 1997 - The Region
The Too Big to Fail Problem
A proposal to reform deposit insurance
Gary H. Stern
September 1997 - The Region
As small banks grow, community banking becomes regional banking
David Fettig
July 1997 - fedgazette
BNC's strategy: growth plus community values
David Fettig
July 1997 - fedgazette
It's all in the name
Business as usual as big bank takes its place in small town
David Fettig
July 1997 - fedgazette
Large community banks outpacing smaller counterparts
Minneapolis Fed Community Bank Survey
David S. Dahl
July 1997 - fedgazette
Ninth District banks and the 1997 flood
Ron J. Feldman
July 1997 - fedgazette
Some relief in sight for cattle ranchers, ag bankers say
Second Quarter 1997 Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Edward Lotterman
July 1997 - fedgazette
Think big, act small
'Branch' and 'diversify' become buzzwords as community banking adapts to changing industry
David Fettig
July 1997 - fedgazette
Interview with Alice Rivlin
David Levy
June 1997 - The Region
Credit scoring and small business loans
Credit scoring is the process of assigning a single quantitative measure, or score, to a potential borrower that reflects the borrower's relative chance of going into delinquency or default.
Ron J. Feldman
April 1997 - Community Dividend
Lending to small firms and small farms
A snapshot of data on the distribution of business loans to farms and firms by the size of the loan.
Ron J. Feldman
April 1997 - Community Dividend
Regulators approve CRA strategic plans
The Federal Reserve Board has announced its approval of the first bank strategic plans submitted under the newly revised Community Reinvestment Act regulations.
April 1997 - Community Dividend
Rising optimism amid stress of winter, ag bankers report
First Quarter 1997 Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Edward Lotterman
April 1997 - fedgazette
Corn belt prosperous, but cattle sector still stressed, bankers say
Fourth Quarter 1996 Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Edward Lotterman
January 1997 - fedgazette
State summaries of Ag Conditions/Farm Income Spending
Fourth Quarter 1996 Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
January 1997 - fedgazette
A Brief Recap of Fannie and Freddie's Activities
Ron J. Feldman
December 1996 - The Region
AU, Borrowing Costs and the Profitability of Mortgage Origination
Ron J. Feldman
December 1996 - The Region
An opportune time for deposit insurance reform
Top of the Ninth
Gary H. Stern
December 1996 - The Region
Bank Enterprise Awards announced
The Community Development Financial Institutions Found has announced the first-ever recipients of its Bank Enterprise Awards.
December 1996 - Community Dividend
Can Society Ever Invest Too Much in Technology?
Ron J. Feldman
December 1996 - The Region
Mortgage Automation Threat
Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac's technology initiatives could reduce competition
Ron J. Feldman
December 1996 - The Region
Rethinking Financial Regulation
Thomas M. Hoenig
December 1996 - The Region
Ag Conditions/Farm Income Spending
Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey Summary by State
Edward Lotterman
October 1996 - fedgazette
Despite continuing problems for cattle producers, bankers more optimistic
Third Quarter 1996 Agricultural Credit Conditions Survey
Edward Lotterman
October 1996 - fedgazette
Not all credit unions are alike
Letter to the Editor
October 1996 - fedgazette
Economist In An Uncertain World: Arthur F. Burns and the Federal Reserve, 1970-1978
Book Review
Kevin L. Kliesen
September 1996 - The Region
The “New” Science of Credit Risk Management
Federal Reserve Governor Janet Yellen on developments in the financial system.
Janet L. Yellen
September 1996 - The Region
Uncertainty in Federal Intervention
Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and the housing subsidy trail
Ron J. Feldman
September 1996 - The Region
Bank liquidity tightening—but still sufficient, bankers say
David Fettig
July 1996 - fedgazette
Banks turn up the heat against credit unions
Industries battle over tax, regulatory and membership issues
David Fettig
July 1996 - fedgazette
Developments in the field of electronic money and banking
The following remarks are excerpted from a presentation by Gov. Kelley at the CyberPayments '96 Conference in Dallas, Texas, June 18, 1996.
Edward W. Kelly, Jr.
July 1996 - fedgazette
Facts about the survey and respondents
Ninth District Banking Poll
July 1996 - fedgazette
What does the future hold for community banks?
Ninth District Community Banking Poll Summary
David Fettig
July 1996 - fedgazette
Deposit insurance: It's time to cage the monster
Richard M. Kovacevich
April 1996 - fedgazette
Former Fed Governors
Where are they now ...
... and their views on current Fed policy
December 1995 - The Region
So you want to be a bank examiner? You may be surprised to learn what it takes
Kathy Cobb
December 1995 - The Region
Beyond Statistics
Top of the Ninth
Gary H. Stern
September 1995 - The Region
Proposed OCC “Agreement Table”
The OCC's Credit Assessment of a Bank's Loans Broken Down by How the Bank Assessed the Same Loans
Ron J. Feldman
September 1995 - The Region
The Strategy of Monetary Policy
Alan S. Blinder
September 1995 - The Region
Where Are They Now?
Former Fed Governors and their views on current Fed policy.
September 1995 - The Region
Will the Securitization Revolution Spread?
While securitization has dramatically altered the way many lenders do business, small business lending has barely changed
Ron J. Feldman
September 1995 - The Region
Bank performance remains strong in 1994
Summary of Ninth District Banks' 1994 Performance
Karen Grandstrand
July 1995 - fedgazette
Doing the undoable deal
Banks find ways to rebuild neighborhood housing stock
David Fettig
July 1995 - fedgazette
Loans program brings funds to southwestern Wisconsin
Rural group, M&I bank agree to work together to aid rural areas
David Fettig
July 1995 - fedgazette
Putting the “C" in CRA
As Congress debates value of lending law, banks go about the business of reinvesting
David Fettig
July 1995 - fedgazette
Banking from home
Touted as the future of banking for many years, home banking is finally poised to enter the present.
Rob Grunewald
June 1995 - The Region
A banker's perspective on economic development
Address given before the State of the State Conference held in Bismarck, N.D., in January 1995.
Harvey Huber
April 1995 - fedgazette
Interstate branch banking: Opt in or opt out?
David Fettig, David S. Dahl, Kathy Cobb
January 1995 - fedgazette
Is deposit insurance the bankers' Faustian bargain?
This column is based on Burstein's October address to the Minnesota Institute of Legal Education.
Melvin L. Burstein
January 1995 - fedgazette
A nation's commercial banks and central bank are reflections of each other
Gary Stern presented the following overview on the relation between a central bank and commercial banks recently in Moscow, where he participated in the International Conference on Russian Banking wit
Gary H. Stern
December 1994 - The Region
Interview with Alan S. Blinder
Federal Reserve Governor Alan S. Blinder shares his thoughts on life at the White House, the Fed and as a college professor. He also talks about inflation, unemployment, his political philosophy and t
December 1994 - The Region
Russia: Land of tremendous opportunity ... and challenge
Top of the Ninth
Gary H. Stern
December 1994 - The Region
The Payment System: Design, Management, and Supervision
Book Review
Theodore E. Umhoefer
December 1994 - The Region
Are banks dead? Or, are the reports greatly exaggerated?
This article is a synopsis of a paper prepared by John H. Boyd, senior research officer at the Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, and Mark Gertler, professor at New York University.
September 1994 - The Region
Money Meltdown: Restoring Order to the Global Currency System
Book Review
David Levy
September 1994 - The Region
Futurebank '94: Technology expo lures community bankers
Technology expo lures community bankers
David Fettig
July 1994 - fedgazette
Small banks vs. small branches—bank style may mean more than bank ownership
As industry evolves, bank style may mean more to local communities than bank ownership
David Fettig
July 1994 - fedgazette
Discrimination In Spite Of The CRA
1993-1994 Student Essay Contest Winner
Gabe Pass
June 1994 - The Region
Banking on the Government
At 75, the nation's only socialist bank is still striving to achieve its mission
David Fettig
March 1994 - The Region
Banking's Role in Business-Community Partnership
John P. LaWare
March 1994 - The Region
Interview with Wayne Angell
David Levy
March 1994 - The Region
Views of Regulatory Consolidation
Top of the Ninth
Gary H. Stern
March 1994 - The Region
Q&A with Lawrence Lindsey
Federal Reserve Governor talks about CRA
David Fettig
January 1994 - fedgazette
Suspending disbelief: Low incomes do not mean high defaults
fedgazette Editorial
Gary H. Stern
January 1994 - fedgazette
Interview with Jacob Frenkel
Melvin L. Burstein
December 1993 - The Region
Central Banking—Then and Now
J. Alfred Broaddus Jr.
September 1993 - The Region
The Fate of the Banking Industry
Top of the Ninth
Gary H. Stern
September 1993 - The Region
Community Reinvestment is a way of life, not a law, says small town bank
David Fettig
July 1993 - fedgazette
Fair lending: the issue of the '90s may inspire more regs
fedgazette Editorial
Karen Grandstrand
July 1993 - fedgazette
In light of public disclosure, CRA gains luster
But after 15 years, banking industry still takes dim view
David Fettig
July 1993 - fedgazette
Reserve Banks in Evolving Payments System
As Thomas Gainor and Leonard Fernelius retire, after serving the Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis for 75 years, they share comments on their careers and assess the Federal Reserve's place in the pa
June 1993 - The Region
Views on the economy, monetary policy
Summary of Gary Stern's March 10, 1993, testimony to the Senate Committee on Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs
Gary H. Stern
April 1993 - fedgazette
Interview with Lawrence B. Lindsey
Lawrence Lindsey, the Federal Reserve Board's youngest governor, shares his views on the Fed, taxation, the 1980s and other matters.
David Levy
March 1993 - The Region
Banking 2000: More technology and fewer banks
David Fettig
October 1992 - fedgazette
Regulatory burden
Bankers rally against increasing paperwork, claim compliance is threatening industry
David Fettig
October 1992 - fedgazette
Regulatory burden: relief in sight?
William W. Strausburg
October 1992 - fedgazette
Are Banking Regulators Tough Enough?
An Analysis of Recent Enforcement Actions
Karen Grandstrand
September 1992 - The Region
Bank earnings rising again
Ninth District Bank Facts
July 1992 - fedgazette
Only time will cure credit ills
fedgazette Editorial
John H. Boyd, Martha L. Starr
July 1992 - fedgazette
Biographical Dictionary of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve
Book Review
June 1992 - The Region
Is America Losing Faith in Market System?
Top of the Ninth
Gary H. Stern
June 1992 - The Region
The Dichotomy Becomes Reality: Ten Years of the Federal Reserve as Regulator and Competitor
Excerpt from the Minneapolis Fed's 1991 Annual Report
David Fettig, Leonard W. Fernelius
June 1992 - The Region
Interview with Susan M. Phillips
Susan M. Phillips knows her way around the futures industry but faces new challenges as a Federal Reserve Board governor. Phillips shares her impressions of both in this interview.
David Levy
March 1992 - The Region
Small Change
Thoughts on the Penny
March 1992 - The Region
Restoring the Fed as lender of last resort
fedgazette Editorial
Melvin L. Burstein
January 1992 - fedgazette
Interview with Carl E. Powell
December 1991 - The Region
Interview with David W. Mullins Jr.
September 1991 - The Region
Investigating the Banking Consolidating Trend
John H. Boyd, Stanley L. Graham
September 1991 - The Region
The S&L Debacle: Public Policy Lessons for Bank and Thrift Regulation
John H. Boyd
September 1991 - The Region
Whither the Credit Crunch?
Top of the Ninth
Gary H. Stern
September 1991 - The Region
Bank performance tapers after recent strengthening
Ninth District Bank Facts
July 1991 - fedgazette
Interview with W. Lee Hoskins
June 1991 - The Region
Small Leak Teaches Big Lessons
David Fettig
June 1991 - The Region
The Proposals for Reform that are “On the Table”
Top of the Ninth
Gary H. Stern
June 1991 - The Region
The alarming costs of preventing bank runs
fedgazette Editorial
Arthur J. Rolnick
April 1991 - fedgazette
Thoughts from the New Chairman on the Fed and the Community
Delbert Johnson
February 1991 - The Region
Interview with E. Gerald Corrigan
November 1990 - The Region
The S&L crisis: bad people or bad policy?
fedgazette Editorial
Arthur J. Rolnick
September 1990 - fedgazette
Interview with Clyde Farnsworth
David Levy
June 1990 - The Region
Proper attitude is key to successful community lending
fedgazette Editorial
A. William Sands
June 1990 - fedgazette
Safeguards to the U.S. Banking System Should Not Be Dismantled
Top of the Ninth
Melvin L. Burstein
June 1990 - The Region
Can the public be trusted to regulate banks?
fedgazette Editorial
Arthur J. Rolnick
March 1990 - fedgazette
Interview with William Taylor
David Levy
February 1990 - The Region
Meeting the District's Currency Needs
Under close guard, about $17 million must be safely transported each day to 1,200 banks, savings and loans and credit unions through the Ninth District.
February 1990 - The Region
Expedited Funds Availability Act: Was it Worth the Cost?
David Fettig
December 1989 - The Region
Old-Style Banking: Montana Bank Gives New Look to Old Building
Kathy Cobb
December 1989 - The Region
Resolving Conflict: The Fed's Role in the Community Reinvestment Act
Top of the Ninth
Gary H. Stern
December 1989 - The Region
State-owned bank provides North Dakota's economic funds
David Fettig
December 1989 - fedgazette
Electronic Wizardry at Your Service
The Automated Clearing House
Kathy Cobb
August 1989 - The Region
F. Augustus Heinze of Montana and the Panic of 1907
David Fettig
August 1989 - The Region
Interview with Delbert W. Johnson
David Levy
August 1989 - The Region
Into the '90s: Continuing Challenges for Payments System
Top of the Ninth
Thomas E. Gainor
August 1989 - The Region
Ninth District banks improve performance during 1988
James M. Lyon
June 1989 - fedgazette
Paul Warburg's Crusade to Establish a Central Bank in the United States
Paul Warburg was an advocate for a central bank in the United States and was chosen by President Woodrow Wilson to serve as one of the first members of the Federal Reserve Board.
Michael A. Whitehouse
May 1989 - The Region
Interview with Marcia Anderson
David Levy
December 1988 - The Region
Answering the Call for Banking Supervision
August 1988 - The Region
Born of a Panic: Forming the Fed System
August 1988 - The Region
Developing an Efficient Payments System
August 1988 - The Region
Discovering Open Market Operations
August 1988 - The Region
Executive Leadership (Minneapolis and Helena)
August 1988 - The Region
External Economic and Political Environment
August 1988 - The Region
Leadership at the Minneapolis Federal Reserve Bank
August 1988 - The Region
Legislation, Legislative Proposals and Court Decisions
August 1988 - The Region
Monetary Policy Environment
August 1988 - The Region
Ninth District Buildings and General Operations
August 1988 - The Region
Regulatory Policy Environment
August 1988 - The Region
The Districts Take Shape
August 1988 - The Region
