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Topic - Education

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Less affluent students face mounting college debt challenges

Recent reports confirm that students from low- to moderate-income families graduate with greater student debt burdens than their more affluent peers.
Michael Grover
July 2012 - Community Dividend

Spanning the spectrum of Native workforce development

Initiatives under way in the Ninth District demonstrate that Native-focused organizations are working to increase work preparedness, education levels, and employment rates in the communities they serv
Jacob Wascalus
July 2012 - Community Dividend

United Way's ROI project measures job training outcomes

A Return on Investment evaluation initiative is yielding impressive and meaningful results.
Sarah Radosevich
July 2012 - Community Dividend

College Finance 101: Not all their (de)fault?

Student default rates are rising and likely to continue until the economy sees strong job growth
Ronald A. Wirtz
April 2012 - fedgazette

The fine print on student default rates

There's a lot of information missing in today's official measure
Ronald A. Wirtz
April 2012 - fedgazette

Mini-banks provide hands-on education in personal finance

School-based, student-oriented banking operations teach kids the fundamentals of saving.
Jacob Wascalus
April 2012 - Community Dividend

Tribal college receives $18.9 million for career training initiative

April 2012 - Community Dividend

Creating better choices for the underbanked: A conversation with Jennifer Tescher of the Center for Financial Services Innovation

Community Dividend speaks with Jennifer Tescher, a nationally known expert on financial access and asset building, to learn about strategies and products for helping underbanked consumers prosper.
Michael Grover
January 2012 - Community Dividend

MyMoneyCheckUp offers free, personalized assessments of consumers' finances

January 2012 - Community Dividend

Research review: Child development findings support and inform personal financial education from an early age

A recently released literature review suggests personal financial education belongs in elementary and middle schools, not just high schools.
Richard M. Todd
January 2012 - Community Dividend

Native American Credit Counseling initiative aims to bridge the credit gap in Indian Country

A certification program created by Rural Dynamics/Consumer Credit Counseling Service of Montana is designed to build credit counseling education and services in Native communities.
Sue Woodrow, Jolene Bach
October 2011 - Community Dividend

Workforce 2020: Uniting business and education in Rochester, Minnesota

A unique initiative led by a broad-based group of community leaders is working to address workforce development issues in Rochester, Minn.
Wudase Tefera
October 2011 - Community Dividend

Early, Broadly, and Through Young Adulthood: A Child Development Perspective on Youth Personal Financial Education

Research suggests that educators should use findings in psychology and behavioral economics to enhance youth personal financial instruction.
Richard M. Todd
September 2011 - Community Development Papers

Quest for quality

Cost remains a barrier to improving early-childhood education
Rob Grunewald, Phil Davies
July 2011 - fedgazette

FLEC releases national financial literacy strategy

April 2011 - Community Dividend

Fed releases two new consumer credit guides

April 2011 - Community Dividend

Making financial education work in the workplace: The Citigroup experience

When financial services giant Citigroup implemented workplace-based financial education workshops, it learned lessons that may help other employers deliver effective financial education programs of th
Dara Duguay, William J. Arnone
April 2011 - Community Dividend

Site provides state-by-state assessments of financial capability

April 2011 - Community Dividend

Another look at measuring high school graduation rates

Rob Grunewald, Wonho Chung
January 2011 - fedgazette

CFSI releases guide to prepaid cards

January 2011 - Community Dividend

Nonprofit credit counselors provide one-on-one help for consumers in crisis

In the aftermath of the recent economic meltdown, nonprofit consumer credit counseling agencies have seen unprecedented demand for their services.
Paula Woessner
January 2011 - Community Dividend

Child Health and Future Success

A Minneapolis Fed-University of Minnesota conference
Rob Grunewald
December 2010 - The Region

Degrees of Job Security

We tend to assume that high-wage workers are recession proof. But a good education offers better protection against job loss than a big paycheck
Terry J. Fitzgerald, Phil Davies, Wonho Chung
December 2010 - The Region

The source of Lake Wobegon?

Minnesota’s education investments in the 1940s and 1950s
Rob Grunewald, Alison Sexton
October 2010 - fedgazette

Survey takes stock of state financial education requirements

A recent National Council on Economic Education survey reveals that more states are adding personal finance and economics to their required K-12 curricula.
Michael Grover
October 2010 - Community Dividend

Better deals on wheels: The effects of financial education on car buying

A Federal Reserve study explores whether financial education helps young consumers make wise car-buying decisions.
Catherine Bell, Jeanne M. Hogarth
April 2010 - Community Dividend

Higher education's melting pot

International students surging at Ninth District universities and colleges
Ronald A. Wirtz
April 2010 - fedgazette

Gaining a Better Understanding of the Costs of Homeownership Programs: A Case Study and Recommendations for Minnesota's Home Ownership Center

An analysis of program costs for the Minnesota Home Ownership Center's three primary services: homeownership classes, pre-purchase home buyer counseling, and foreclosure counseling.
Richard M. Todd, Leo T. Gabriel
March 2010 - Community Development Papers

Campus of dreams: Bill it, and they will come?

The cost of higher education has risen steadily for decades, but so have the benefits. Is the value proposition being challenged by increasing debt loads and a severe recession?
Ronald A. Wirtz
November 2009 - fedgazette

College finance 101: A history lesson

The evolution of a high-tuition, high-aid model
Ronald A. Wirtz
November 2009 - fedgazette

Gender and financial literacy: A conversation with Annamaria Lusardi of Dartmouth College

Community Dividend speaks with Dr. Annamaria Lusardi of Dartmouth College to learn about the gender gap in financial literacy and discuss how financial educators can reach women more effectiv
Ericca Maas
November 2009 - Community Dividend

True or false: College is expensive

November 2009 - fedgazette

OMG! Like, where are all the teen workers?

Teens have been quietly, and increasingly, leaving the labor force
Ronald A. Wirtz
September 2009 - fedgazette

Financial literacy especially low among Native youth, survey finds

May 2009 - Community Dividend

Minneapolis Fed offers class supplements for economics educators

May 2009 - Community Dividend

Newly released guides explain the financial crisis

May 2009 - Community Dividend

Fed releases report on concentrated poverty

January 2009 - Community Dividend

High schoolers' financial literacy remains low, survey finds

September 2008 - Community Dividend

Laying the Foundation

Researchers look for better ways to quantify the benefits of investment in early childhood development.
Kathy Cobb
June 2008 - The Region

Markets Meet Humans: Three Books

Book Reviews: Predictably Irrational, The Logic of Life and The Mind of the Market
David Fettig
June 2008 - The Region

Mad About Money schools kids on personal finance

A traveling theatrical show for children makes the concepts of saving and spending educational and entertaining.
Emily Sachs
May 2008 - Community Dividend

Old-fashioned Tech Transfer

Licensing isn’t the only way for industry to tap into university knowledge.
Phil Davies
May 2008 - fedgazette

President Bush creates financial literacy advisory council

May 2008 - Community Dividend

The Few, The Risky

Should universities invest resources in creating startups to exploit licensed technology?
Phil Davies
May 2008 - fedgazette

University Tech Transfer: Have I Got A Business Idea For You

District universities strive to license technology to industry, but their efforts may not yield the desired results.
Phil Davies
May 2008 - fedgazette

Getting bigger, more sensitive, maybe smarter

Wisconsin State Roundups
March 2008 - fedgazette

Creating a win-win way to provide free tax help: Bethel University and AccountAbility Minnesota share lessons learned

In a mutually beneficial partnership between Bethel University and AccountAbility Minnesota, accounting students provide free tax preparation assistance to low- and moderate-income workers.
Leo T. Gabriel
January 2008 - Community Dividend

Expanding the success of the Earned Income Tax Credit

A patchwork of initiatives is raising awareness of the Earned Income Tax Credit, which is the leading federal program for boosting the incomes of the working poor.
Emily Sachs
January 2008 - Community Dividend

Menominee poster contest promotes free tax prep

Since 2005, Menominee Indian High School has sponsored a poster contest to promote the use of Volunteer Income Tax Assistance sites.
Emily Sachs
January 2008 - Community Dividend

Not making the grade

Teacher pay in the western part of the Ninth Federal Reserve District isn't competitive with other states.
Joe Mahon
January 2008 - fedgazette

Enriching Children, Enriching the Nation: Public Investment in High-Quality Prekindergarten

Book Review
Rob Grunewald, Bjorn Markeson
December 2007 - The Region

Bitterroot Valley loan program turns teachers into homeowners

An innovative lending program helps make homeownership a reality for schoolteachers in Montana's Bitterroot Valley.
Sue Woodrow
November 2007 - Community Dividend

Fed brochure offers credit-boosting tips

November 2007 - Community Dividend

Getting kids kindergarten-ready: A profile of the Minnesota Early Learning Foundation

The Minnesota Early Learning Foundation is supporting and evaluating a series of initiatives to uncover the most well-integrated, cost-effective system for preparing Minnesota's at-risk children for k
Ericca Maas
November 2007 - Community Dividend

You can't eat the blackboard

Montana State Roundup
November 2007 - fedgazette

NMU: Students piling in, tuition piling up

Michigan State Roundup
September 2007 - fedgazette

On Public Policy and Economic Education

Top of the Ninth
Gary H. Stern
September 2007 - The Region

If most Americans already save enough, what should financial educators teach?

The findings of two recent studies underscore the need not only for new forms of retireee-oriented financial education, but also for sound financial education at all ages.
Richard M. Todd
July 2007 - Community Dividend

I want money

Minnesota State Roundup
March 2007 - fedgazette

Does it at least include books?

North Dakota State Roundup
March 2007 - fedgazette

Reciprocity, only not

Wisconsin State Roundup
March 2007 - fedgazette

Workshop promotes Native youth financial education

The presentations from a Fed-sponsored workshop illustrate a variety of promising approaches to Native financial education.
Richard M. Todd
March 2007 - Community Dividend

Economics and Policy

Top of the Ninth
Gary H. Stern
December 2006 - The Region

Supply, Demand & Deadlines '06: Bridging the Gap

Economics workshop for journalists held October 2006.
December 2006 - The Region

Book smart on poverty

Poverty snapshot in the Ninth District: Education achievement.
Ronald A. Wirtz
November 2006 - fedgazette

First Nations releases investment curriculum

November 2006 - Community Dividend

Rural Minnesota county invests early to help kids succeed

An initiative called Invest Early aims to provide comprehensive early childhood education for underserved kids in Itasca County, Minn.
Ericca Maas
November 2006 - Community Dividend

Home Grown: An Economic Examination of the Origins and Effectiveness of Radical Drug Policies

2006 Student Essay Contest Winner
Michael Fahey
September 2006 - The Region

Entrance exam

The number of international college students has dipped since 9/11, and universities face more than visa challenges in turning that around.
Katherine Nesse
May 2006 - fedgazette

Lessons learned from a financial education pilot for Native youth

A pilot program at Oh Day Aki Charter School in Minneapolis shows that standard financial education materials can be adapted to benefit Native students in an urban setting.
Richard M. Todd
May 2006 - Community Dividend

Ninth District Jump$tart update

In several states in the Ninth Federal Reserve District, affiliates of the Jump$tart Coalition for Personal Financial Literacy have achieved notable successes or are making progress toward promoting f
Richard M. Todd
May 2006 - Community Dividend

Up, up, up, but not away

North Dakota State Roundup
May 2006 - fedgazette

Growth by degrees

The good news: tribal colleges help develop Indian economies and cultures. The bad news: they face a chronic funding crisis.
Douglas Clement
March 2006 - fedgazette

The wealth (and poverty) of Indian nations

Small businesses and tribal colleges offer fresh hope in Indian Country. They also face great hurdles.
Douglas Clement
March 2006 - fedgazette

Filling a prescription for more pharmacies

Ronald A. Wirtz
January 2006 - fedgazette

Is College Unaffordable?

Tuition and student debt have skyrocketed, but higher education still pays off.
Ronald A. Wirtz
December 2005 - The Region

A border toll for higher education

North Dakota State Roundup
September 2005 - fedgazette

Come hither, biotech

States, regions and universities are scrambling to be part of the bio-revolution. What's the rush? The prize? Is there more than one race, and is there more than one winner?
Ronald A. Wirtz
September 2005 - fedgazette

Whacked UP: Upper Peninsula gets blunt end of the budget stick

Michigan State Roundup
September 2005 - fedgazette

Schools using Medicaid for budget band-aids

Wisconsin State Roundup
July 2005 - fedgazette

Early Childhood Development on a Large Scale

Rob Grunewald and Art Rolnick's proposal for investment in early childhood education.
Arthur J. Rolnick, Rob Grunewald
June 2005 - The Region

Financial education program effective, study says

May 2005 - Community Dividend

U.S. House creates financial literacy caucus

May 2005 - Community Dividend

NDSU up there with the big guys

North Dakota State Roundup
March 2005 - fedgazette

Native Financial Education Coalition works to strengthen tribal economies

By working collaboratively, Native Financial Education Coalition members seek to increase awareness about the need for financial education in Native communities.
Joanna Donohoe
March 2005 - Community Dividend

Thinking cap on for new university

Minnesota State Roundup
March 2005 - fedgazette

Tribal colleges can be a key to Native entrepreneurship

For many American Indian tribes, tribal colleges are becoming a vital tool for promoting Native entrepreneurship.
Brad Bly
March 2005 - Community Dividend

Study: expand support for early childhood ed

South Dakota State Roundup
January 2005 - fedgazette

Montana Financial Education Coalition gains momentum

A coalition formed by a diverse group of organizations is quickly gaining momentum in its efforts to promote financial education in Montana.
Sue Woodrow
November 2004 - Community Dividend

An Economist’s Viewpoint

Top of the Ninth
Gary H. Stern
September 2004 - The Region

Journalists Don’t Know About Economics

Hoover Institution fellow Thomas Sowell says reporters need a better understanding of economics.
Thomas Sowell
September 2004 - The Region

Letter to the Editor

Re: Two-Year Colleges
September 2004 - fedgazette

Supply, Demand—and Deadline!

The SD&D workshop aims to improve economic reporting by providing the basics and an innovative, high-pressure test run
Joe Mahon
September 2004 - The Region

12th graders' financial literacy improves slightly, survey finds

August 2004 - Community Dividend

Wind turbine to power tribal college

August 2004 - Community Dividend

Behind the classroom doors

Major differences in two-year college systems exist among district states.
Ronald A. Wirtz
July 2004 - fedgazette

Change is good, if you know how

How do community and technical colleges meet the evolving needs of students and employers?
Ronald A. Wirtz
July 2004 - fedgazette

Graduation exam: Spell “matriculation”

Ronald A. Wirtz
July 2004 - fedgazette

Moving beyond the 13th grade

Two-year colleges still battle an inferiority complex, despite strong enrollment growth and relevance in today’s economy.
Ronald A. Wirtz
July 2004 - fedgazette

Opinions and poster boys

Two-year colleges are enjoying renewed appeal and attention.
Ronald A. Wirtz
July 2004 - fedgazette

The state(s) of structure

Two-year public colleges have a slightly different structure and governance model in each state.
Ronald A. Wirtz
July 2004 - fedgazette

Income Inequality: Not a Government Issue

2003-2004 Essay Contest Winner
Lisa Dahlen
June 2004 - The Region

The ABCs of Early Childhood Development

Report from a conference on the economics of early childhood development.
Kathy Cobb
December 2003 - The Region

FACT Act creates financial literacy commission

November 2003 - Community Dividend

Biotech by any other measure

Without a standard way to measure biotech, some other indicators are worth a look
Ronald A. Wirtz
September 2003 - fedgazette

Courting clusters

A look at the latest economic development rage: luring groups of similar and interrelated businesses
Phil Davies
September 2003 - fedgazette

District students score well on college entrance exams

Smith Wilkinson
September 2003 - fedgazette

Reporting Economics Well: A difficult but worthwhile challenge

Supply, Demand and Deadlines Keynote Address
Anne O. Krueger
September 2003 - The Region

Supply, Demand & Deadlines 2003

Diamonds in the rough: Making a story shine
Kathy Cobb
September 2003 - The Region

Thinking Like an Economist

A workshop on economic principles.
Douglas Clement
September 2003 - The Region

Fed launches national initiative to promote financial education

The Federal Reserve System has launched an initiative to promote financial education.
Paula Woessner
August 2003 - Community Dividend

Letters to the Editor

Reader opinion on fedgazette articles on global trade services and brain drain.
July 2003 - fedgazette

Minnesota leads district in patents issued

Rob Grunewald
July 2003 - fedgazette

Using Economics to Cool Down the Environment

2002-2003 Minneapolis Fed's annual student essay contest winner.
Marissa Benson
June 2003 - The Region

Letters to the Editor

Opinion: Response to early childhood development and gambling articles in the fedgazette
May 2003 - fedgazette

Bibliography

Early Childhood Development: Economic Development with a High Public Return
Arthur J. Rolnick, Rob Grunewald
March 2003 - fedgazette

Cost Estimate to Educate all 3- and 4-Year-Old Children from Low-Income Families in Minnesota at a Two-Year, High-Quality ECDP

Table
March 2003 - fedgazette

Early Childhood Development: Economic Development with a High Public Return

Arthur J. Rolnick, Rob Grunewald
March 2003 - fedgazette

Early childhood development = economic development

Editorial
Arthur J. Rolnick, Rob Grunewald
March 2003 - fedgazette

Perry School Preschool's Estimated Impact per Program Participant, Benefit/Cost Analysis

Table
March 2003 - fedgazette

Perry School Preschool's Estimated Impact per Program Participant, Real Internal Rate of Return

Table
March 2003 - fedgazette

Designing a brain drain plug

States create incentives to keep their best and brightest
Ronald A. Wirtz
January 2003 - fedgazette

Patterns of the young and restless

Seemingly obvious migration patterns belie the many reasons why and where people move.
Ronald A. Wirtz
January 2003 - fedgazette

Plugging the brain drain

States fret over losing their young, educated workers, and many are scrambling for ways to stop the outward flow
Ronald A. Wirtz
January 2003 - fedgazette

Retention/out-migration of college graduates, by state

Retention/out-migration by Ninth District States
Ronald A. Wirtz
January 2003 - fedgazette

Economic Literacy Leads to Better Grasp of Public Policy Issues

Top of the Ninth
Gary H. Stern
December 2002 - The Region

Financial Literacy Education: A Potential Tool for Reducing Predatory Lending?

A review of studies on the effectiveness of financial literacy training and whether such training results in responsible financial decision making by consumers.
Richard M. Todd
December 2002 - The Region

A conversation with ... Claudia Parliament and Dick Todd

Community Dividend discusses financial literacy with Claudia Parliament, professor of applied economics at the University of Minnesota and director of the Minnesota Council on Economic Educat
November 2002 - Community Dividend

Financial literacy education: A potential tool for reducing predatory lending?

A review of recent studies supports cautious optimism that increased financial literacy can help consumers avoid predatory lenders.
Richard M. Todd
November 2002 - Community Dividend

Economic and Financial Literacy Moves From the Schoolhouse to the Statehouse

Participants at a Washington, D.C., conference suggest ways to further integrate economic education in school curriculums.
September 2002 - The Region

On the (Economic Literacy) Campaign Trail: Finding, understanding and telling the story behind the story.

A review of the second annual Supply, Demand & Deadlines workshop for journalists.
Kathy Cobb
September 2002 - The Region

The Invisible Heart, Moral Hazard and The Way We Live Now

Book Reviews
David Fettig
September 2002 - The Region

Shall we dance?

As jobs grow but the labor pool doesn't, job matching becomes essential to make sure everybody gets the right partner
Ronald A. Wirtz
July 2002 - fedgazette

From Pocketbook to Policymaking, Economic Education Matters

Top of the Ninth
Gary H. Stern
June 2002 - The Region

Homeownership: A Continuing American Dream

2001-2002 Student Essay Contest Winner
Benjamin Knelman
June 2002 - The Region

We Have Met the Federal Government and the Federal Government Is Us

Guest Editorial: Minneapolis Fed Vice President Preston Miller reminds taxpayers to think critically about federal spending programs.
Preston J. Miller
June 2002 - The Region

Diverse research conducted at Ninth District universities

Rob Grunewald
November 2001 - fedgazette

Editorial: The University of Minnesota as a public good

Editorial based on a paper presented at the Aug. 23 University of Minnesota conference, “The University's Contribution to Minnesota's Economic, Social and Cultural Vitality.”
Arthur J. Rolnick, Rob Grunewald
November 2001 - fedgazette

The University of Minnesota as a Public Good

This paper was presented at the “The University's Contribution to Minnesota's Economic, Social and Cultural Vitality” conference, University of Minnesota, August 23, 2001.
Arthur J. Rolnick, Rob Grunewald
November 2001 - fedgazette

Interview with Thomas Sowell

Hoover Institution economist and prolific author talks about the value of economic literacy in formulating better public policy, his writing style and a variety of other topics.
David Fettig
September 2001 - The Region

Ninth District Education—by the numbers

Rob Grunewald
July 2001 - fedgazette

Virtual high school goes online

Michigan State Roundup
July 2001 - fedgazette

What is the current job market outlook for college graduates? Has it changed in the past year?

District Voices
July 2001 - fedgazette

Do Women's Economic Decisions Differ from Men's?

Recap of a conference on economic decision making in women's lives and careers.
Kathy Cobb
June 2001 - The Region

From a Journalist's Viewpoint

Correspondent reflects on economics reporting
Mike Meyers
December 2000 - The Region

Supply, Demand & Deadlines - Journalist Participants

December 2000 - The Region

Supply, Demand and Deadlines

Journalists help shape a pilot workshop on economics training.
December 2000 - The Region

Understanding the Cost of Free Lunch

An informal media survey suggests that the media's know-how of basic economics can be hit-and-miss, and industry insiders disagree over its relevance and consequence.
Ronald A. Wirtz
December 2000 - The Region

Montana high school students build affordable housing

November 2000 - Community Dividend

Educating the Messenger

Top of the Ninth
Gary H. Stern
December 1999 - The Region

Contemporary Economic Issues

Review: Audio Lecture Series
David S. Dahl
September 1999 - The Region

Personal finance: The bedrock of a community's financial health

Personal financial management can affect an entire community by limiting home ownership and business formation opportunities.
Margaret Tyndall, Thomas Moore, Bryan Jon Maciewski
July 1999 - Community Dividend

A report on the Economic Literacy Symposium

Seeking a Blueprint for Economic Literacy A report on the Economic Literacy Symposium held at the Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis on May 13-14, 1999.
David Fettig
June 1999 - The Region

How Does Economic Education Impact Economic Literacy?

William Walstad, economics professor at the University of Nebraska, analyzes the economic literacy survey conducted by the Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis.
William Walstad, Ken Rebeck
June 1999 - The Region

On Economic Literacy

Alice M. Rivlin
June 1999 - The Region

The Evolution to Modern Economics

1998-1999 Student Essay Contest Winner
Peter Phillips
June 1999 - The Region

Where are the Women Ph.D.s in Economics?

Women and Economics: A special Economic Literacy Symposium Caucus debated issues of gender and economics.
Kathy Cobb
June 1999 - The Region

On the Beige Book, Y2K, and Economic Education

Top of the Ninth
Gary H. Stern
March 1999 - The Region

The Interaction of Education and Economic Change

Alan Greenspan
March 1999 - The Region

Do we know enough about economics?

Minneapolis Fed President Gary Stern asks whether we know enough about economics, and why we should care about the answer
Gary H. Stern
January 1999 - fedgazette

Do We Know Enough About Economics?

Top of the Ninth
Gary H. Stern
December 1998 - The Region

Econ 101: Is this the Best Way to Teach Economics?

Questions about the teaching of economics in high school and college.
Ronald A. Wirtz
December 1998 - The Region

Economic Education at the Fed

A brief overview of the Federal Reserve's involvement in economic education efforts.
Rob Grunewald
December 1998 - The Region

Economic Literacy Survey

Results of the Economic Literacy Survey
December 1998 - The Region

Economic Literacy Survey Demographics

December 1998 - The Region

Economists in The Region on their student experiences and the need for economic literacy

Quotes from Alan Blinder, Robert Lucas and others on the need for economic literacy.
December 1998 - The Region

Hope and Danger for Economic Literacy

Todd G. Buchholz
December 1998 - The Region

How Economists Can Improve Economic Education

Teaching them well is part of the solution. But it is not enough. We should increase our participation in programs designed to provide economic training for K-12 economics teachers.
Michael K. Salemi
December 1998 - The Region

Moral Misunderstanding and the Justification of Markets

I suggest that many of our students, including some of our most thoughtful ones, are reluctant to let themselves be captured by the economic way of thinking because they see economic theory as at bott
Paul T. Heyne
December 1998 - The Region

The Case for Economics in the Elementary Classroom

If economics is such an integral part of people's lives and an understanding of economics is critical in helping people comprehend the modern world and make decisions that shape the future, then why i
Bonnie Meszaros, Mary Suiter
December 1998 - The Region

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