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Borrowing & Lending

News, analysis, and surveys about credit conditions, including commercial loans, and mortgage and consumer lending.

1-12 of 89

A young, straight, Indigenous couple and their baby sit on the wooden front steps of a small, light-blue house with white trim. The family members are all in jeans, with the parents wearing white sweaters and the baby wearing a gray sweater. The baby looks at the camera while the parents gaze down at the baby and the mom leans in to kiss the baby's forehead.
Native CDFI relending program expands access to affordable homeownership in Indian CountryMatthew Gregg | Senior Economist, Center for Indian Country Development

Harley Kell | Policy Fellow, Center for Indian Country Development (former)

October 7, 2025
Article
A hand on the left passes a wad of cash with a percent symbol hovering above to a hand on the right
What drives consumer interest rates?Tu-Uyen Tran | Senior Writer
June 3, 2025
Article
In a brightly lit office space, a man in a gray button-down shirt and black blazer stands at a white board and speaks to two colleagues, a man and a woman, who are partially visible from behind. The speaking man holds a marker close to the white board, which is covered with notes and colorful Post-Its, and looks at his male colleague as he speaks.
Using tailored services, Native CDFIs work to foster financial resilience

Harley Kell | Policy Fellow, Center for Indian Country Development (former)

May 28, 2025
Article
Collage graphic with hands holding money
The retirement savings of immigrants in AmericaErick Garcia Luna | Director, Regional Outreach
April 14, 2025
Data
Illustration of hands holding straps of money
Credit supply, housing demand, and rising home prices

Kenneth Cowles | Research Associate, Institute

April 14, 2025
Article
In a brightly lit office space, two clients and a lending professional sit and meet at a work station. The two clients are out of focus in the foreground, seen from behind, faces not visible, while the lending professional is in focus in the background. She has glasses and long brown hair and wears a light green blazer and blue pants. She has an attentive expression as she listens.
As demand for Native CDFIs surges, their capacity lags

Surekha Carpenter | Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond

Matthew Gregg | Senior Economist, Center for Indian Country DevelopmentMichou Kokodoko | Senior Policy Analyst, Community Development and Engagement

James Melton | Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond

February 4, 2025
Article
A farmer standing in a field checking a loan balance, with an interest rate chart and balance sheet superimposed in the sky above
Repayment risks grow as farm income declines and farmland loans reprice

Tait Berg | Senior Agricultural Coordinator

December 4, 2024
Article
Image of a midwestern farm, overlaied with bank and interest rate icons
Over $4 billion of farmland loans will reprice at higher interest rates in 2024

Tait Berg | Senior Agricultural Coordinator

November 21, 2024
Article
The Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis building and logo
How concerns about public debt harm the private sectorJeff Horwich | Senior Economics Writer
May 16, 2024
Article
Ominous financial graphs overlaid over an image of a cornfield with silos and a red barn
Challenging agricultural markets put highly leveraged agricultural producers at risk

Tait Berg | Senior Agricultural Coordinator

May 8, 2024
Article
Farmer standing beside a cornfield is looking towards a red interest rate graph looming in the sky
Agricultural producers paid over $840 million in interest expenses in 2023

Tait Berg | Senior Agricultural Coordinator

April 19, 2024
Article
Institute paper key images
Army of Mortgagors: Long-Run Evidence on Credit Externalities and the Housing Market

Tobias Herbst | University of Bonn and Bundesbank

Moritz Kuhn | University of Mannheim

Farzad Saidi | University of Bonn and CEPR

April 12, 2024
Research