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Borrowing & Lending

News, analysis, and surveys about credit conditions, including commercial loans, and mortgage and consumer lending.

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A woman stocks merchandise in the clothing section of a gift and souvenir shop. She appears in profile and has a focused expression on her face as as she holds several red sweatshirts on hangers before placing them on a wall rack for sale.
To meet demand, Native CDFIs pursue alternative sources of lending capitalMichou Kokodoko | Senior Policy Analyst, Community Development and EngagementCaryn Mohr | Senior Writer, Community Development and Engagement
July 30, 2026
Article
At a large wooden conference table that's lit from a nearby window, two colleagues, a man and a woman, gesture as they review financial charts and data on a laptop computer. Printouts of balance sheets lie on the table in front of them. Their heads are cut off in the shot and we only see their forearms and hands. The photo is taken in semi-profile over the shoulder of the man, who is seated in the foreground.
Understanding the financial health of Native CDFI loan funds: A closer look at the numbersMichou Kokodoko | Senior Policy Analyst, Community Development and EngagementH Trostle | Senior Policy Analyst, Center for Indian Country DevelopmentMaxine Xu | Data Scientist, Community Development and Engagement
July 24, 2026
Article
CICD Working Paper teal graphic
Understanding the Unequal Costs of Native American Homeownership

Helen Banga

Donn Feir | CICD Research Fellow (former)Matthew Gregg | Senior Economist, Center for Indian Country Development
April 29, 2026
Research
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Scholar spotlight: Kareem HaggagTu-Uyen Tran | Senior Writer
April 15, 2026
Article
Illustration of people dragging heavy bags of money
Why do some people pay loans on time? Parents and hometowns could make the differenceJeff Horwich | Senior Economics Writer
January 13, 2026
Article
A young, straight, Indigenous couple and their baby sit on the wooden front steps of a small, light-blue house with white trim. The family members are all in jeans, with the parents wearing white sweaters and the baby wearing a gray sweater. The baby looks at the camera while the parents gaze down at the baby and the mom leans in to kiss the baby's forehead.
Native CDFI relending program expands access to affordable homeownership in Indian CountryMatthew Gregg | Senior Economist, Center for Indian Country Development

Harley Kell | Policy Fellow, Center for Indian Country Development (former)

October 7, 2025
Article
A hand on the left passes a wad of cash with a percent symbol hovering above to a hand on the right
What drives consumer interest rates?Tu-Uyen Tran | Senior Writer
June 3, 2025
Article
In a brightly lit office space, a man in a gray button-down shirt and black blazer stands at a white board and speaks to two colleagues, a man and a woman, who are partially visible from behind. The speaking man holds a marker close to the white board, which is covered with notes and colorful Post-Its, and looks at his male colleague as he speaks.
Using tailored services, Native CDFIs work to foster financial resilience

Harley Kell | Policy Fellow, Center for Indian Country Development (former)

May 28, 2025
Article
Collage graphic with hands holding money
The retirement savings of immigrants in AmericaErick Garcia Luna | Director, Regional Outreach
April 14, 2025
Data
Illustration of hands holding straps of money
Credit supply, housing demand, and rising home prices

Kenneth Cowles | Research Associate, Institute

April 14, 2025
Article
In a brightly lit office space, two clients and a lending professional sit and meet at a work station. The two clients are out of focus in the foreground, seen from behind, faces not visible, while the lending professional is in focus in the background. She has glasses and long brown hair and wears a light green blazer and blue pants. She has an attentive expression as she listens.
As demand for Native CDFIs surges, their capacity lags

Surekha Carpenter | Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond

Matthew Gregg | Senior Economist, Center for Indian Country DevelopmentMichou Kokodoko | Senior Policy Analyst, Community Development and Engagement

James Melton | Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond

February 4, 2025
Article
A farmer standing in a field checking a loan balance, with an interest rate chart and balance sheet superimposed in the sky above
Repayment risks grow as farm income declines and farmland loans reprice

Tait Berg | Senior Agricultural Coordinator

December 4, 2024
Article