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Minneapolis Fed research examining the larger, aggregate view of the economy, including trends in income and spending of government, business, nonprofit institutions, and households.

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Staff Reports
Does Universal Occupational Licensing Recognition Improve Patient Access? Evidence from Healthcare Utilization
Yun Taek Oh | University of Nevada, Reno Morris Kleiner | Visiting Scholar
August 4, 2025
Research
Two female colleagues meeting in an office on the left beside an image of tranquil lake scene with a graph spanning the whole image.
How women’s labor has shaped the U.S. economy
Lisa Camner McKay | Senior Writer, Institute
August 4, 2025
Article
Staff Reports
On the Nature of Entrepreneurship
Anmol Bhandari | Consultant Tobey Kass | Office of Tax Analysis Thomas J. May | California State University, Fullerton Ellen R. McGrattan | Consultant Evan Schulz | Internal Revenue Service
July 8, 2025
Research
Staff Reports
A Stochastic Bubble Forest
Amol Amol | Research Analyst Erzo G.J. Luttmer | Visiting Scholar
June 26, 2025
Research
The Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis building and logo
Local or global: What drives interest rate spreads for developing countries?
Jeff Horwich | Senior Economics Writer
June 11, 2025
Article
Donut chart looking at itself in the mirror and seeing something different
“Hot” or not? Learning the right lessons from the labor market after COVID
Simon Mongey | Principal Research Economist
May 15, 2025
Article
Staff Reports
Analyzing the Effects of Occupational Licensing on Earnings Inequality in the United States
Kihwan Bae | West Virginia University Morris Kleiner | Visiting Scholar Conor Norris | West Virginia University Edward Timmons | West Virginia University and Archbridge Institute
May 14, 2025
Research
Minneapolis Fed Quarterly Review
Argentina’s Disinflation: An International and Historical Perspective
Rafael Di Tella | Harvard Business School and NBER Franco Nuñez | Universidad de San Andrés and Alberdi Partners Pablo Ottonello | Principal Research Economist
May 12, 2025
Research
Minneapolis Fed Quarterly Review
Machine Learning a Ramsey Plan
Thomas J. Sargent | New York University and Hoover Institution Ziyue Yang | Australian National University
May 12, 2025
Research
Staff Reports
The Optimal Monetary Policy Response to Tariffs
Javier Bianchi | Monetary Advisor Louphou Coulibaly | University of Wisconsin-Madison
May 8, 2025
Research
decorative key
Research Director Andrea Raffo on trade policy uncertainty, tariffs, and the flight from U.S. assets
Jeff Horwich | Senior Economics Writer
April 24, 2025
Article
The Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis building and logo
Recipe for “cheapflation”? Household liquidity, consumer choices, and firm pricing
Jeff Horwich | Senior Economics Writer Simon Mongey | Principal Research Economist
April 21, 2025
Article